Gálycians
Várkony or Ouar-Khonitai or Varchonítes or Kabars or Hvarez or Khalyz or Chalyzians or Khalyzians (Arabic: Khalis, Khwarezmian: Khwalis, Byzantine Greek: Χαλίσιοι, Khalisioi, Magyar: Káliz) or Hungvari or Cozar People or Kuzari (not to be confused with Turkic Khazaria) were a mixed (Bulgar) Sabir + Hvarezmi (Hebreo-Iverian) people of Moseian religion who claimed descent from three sons of Csaba the Hun and his Hvarezmi wife. They settled down in Romanian Gálycia to which they gave their name. The Várkony sons of Csaba and his Hvarezmi wife were called Edemen (Kabar) and Ed (Hetomat). Their sister and her Romaniote Jewish husband Ashkenaz were the parents of Pota from whom the Szekeley House of Aba descends.
The Soviet historian Sergei Pavlovich Tolstov believes that the Kabars (Khvars) are Khorezmians (Khvalisii), who, in his opinion, professed syncretic Judaism. The Hvarezmi had migrated from Hvarezam, to their present location south of Transcaucasian Iberia which was originally populated by the Alarodian Hurrians from Subartu.[1] The earliest mention of the Hvarezmi and Sabir-Hunno Bulgar union in European history is by Priscus, who declared in 463 AD that a mixed Saragur, Urog and Unogur embassy asked Byzantium for an alliance, having been dislodged by Sabirs in 461 due to the Hvarezmi drive towards the west.[2] The Hvarezmi invasion of the Caucasus resulted in the establishment of an Hvarezmi ruling dynasty in Sarir, a Moseian state in the Dagestani Highlands, where the Caucasian Avars now live. Their maternal relatives who remained in Hvarezm became the ancestors of the Bukharian Jews.
The modern Arab Encyclopaedia states that the Magyars originated in this area. It is known that with the mediation of Sarosios in 567, the Göktürks requested Byzantium to distinguish the Varkun of Pannonia as "Pseudo-Avars" as opposed to the true Hvarezmi of the east, who had come under Göktürk hegemony.[3] The Ed Várkony were comfortable in the Caucasus while the Edemen Várkony migrated into Carpathia where they split into three communities. One group was the Avar-Hun Khaganate of Bulgarios in Transylvania (Subcarpathian Dacia). Another group under Kothrag harassed Byzantium from Vlachia (South Dacia). A third group were the Unogundurs of Moldavia (Transcarpathian Dacia) who the Byzantines incited to war against their relatives under Kothrag. The schism was healed by the Kubiar generals of the Kothrag leader Chouvrtou in alliance with Samo's Serbs before four of Chouvrtou's Kubiar sons split in revolt against Khazar rule to form 1) the Slovi, 2) the Bulgarians, 3) the Croats 4) and the Russians. A fifth group under Tuvan would eventually split with Khazaria to become 5) the Kievan Rus'. But until then, the Edemen Várkony in Dacian Carpathia paid tribute to the Khazars and hence came to be known as the Cozar People in Latin and as Kuzari in Hebrew. These Cozar People were converted by Yitzhak Sangari from their Moseian "Tore" religion to Judaism in the mid 700s under the leadership of Bulan of Cuzdrioara (Kuthri-Var) . After their "Avar Ring" was broken in 796 Bulan's heirs moved their base to Ung-Var (Halychina). Eventually, Tuvan's people sided with the Russians when Morut's Slovi absorbed the Cozar People of Ungvar who sided with the Hungarian descendants of their ancestral Várkony uncle Ed when he brought his army from the Caucasus forcing Morut's Slovi to join him.
The Y-Chromosomal J Haplogroups typical of Iverian men are still common today in the area of ancient Subartu and Szekelyland.
The Cozar People were mentioned by the 12th-century Byzantine historian John Kinnamos in Halych. In his epitome he mentions Khalisioi twice in the Hungarian army. He first describes them as practising Mosaic law; though whether they were actually Jews is unclear because other editions state that they were Muslims. They were said to have fought against the Byzantine Empire as allies of the tribes of Dalmatia in 1154, during Manuel Comnenus's campaign in the Balkans.
Prior to the years 889–92 some Khalis and Kabars (Kavars) of the Khazar realm had joined the Hungarian (Magyar) federation that had conquered and settled in Hungary. Another group had joined the Pechenegs. Al-Bakri (1014–1094) states that around 1068 A.D. there were considerable numbers of al-Khalis amongst the nomadic Muslim Pechenegs (Hungarian: Besenyő), that lived around the southern steppes of Russia.
He also mentions that the original al-Khalis living within the Khazar realm may have been foreign slaves from Byzantine Constantinople and/or other lands. The Pechenegs gave them the choice of staying in their country, where they could inter-marry or leave for another country of their choice. Anna Komnena in her Alexiad mentions a Pecheneg chief named Khalis.
Abraham Harkavy hypothesized that the Khalyzians were refugees fleeing the destruction of their khaganate by the Kievan Rus in the 960s AD and the Pecheneg influx which followed in the 970s. A contemporary of Harkavy's, the Polish historian Template:Ill, suggested that the Khalyzians were identical with the tribe known in Russian sources as the Khvalisy; hence they may have been connected to the Arsiya.
The maternal ancestors of the Magyarized Pecheneg clan Aba, to which the Hungarian king Samuel Aba (1041–47) belonged, were according to Hungarian chronicles of Khwarazmian origin (de gente Corosmina, de Corosminis orta).
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The Khwarezmian connection
Khwarezm is a city in present-day Uzbekistan, in the former Persian province of Khorasan. Since it was part of the silk road, it was known internationally, and had several different names in several different languages, including Byzantine Greek who called the products of this city "khalisios", which was masculine for "of the city of khalis."
A province of the Lower Volga
The province of Khwalis (Khwali-As) on the lower Volga, was the realm of the trading Eastern Iranians; its twin city Amol/Atil, also called Sariycin/Khamlikh. It was ruled by a governor with the title of Tarkhan As-Tarkhan.
Source: Harvard Ukrainian Studies, Volume II, Number 3, September 1978, p.262 (Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts).
Towns named after the Kaliz
Budakalász (Hungary), Kalász (Hungary/Slovakia), Halych (Ukraine), Kalasë (Albania) and numerous places in Russia (Kalasevo: Respublika Mordoviya), Iran (Kalash Garan: Ostan-e Lorestan), Afghanistan (Kalizeh: Velayat-e Helmand) and Punjab Pakistan (Kalis/Kalas).
See also
- Böszörmény
- Kankalis a clan of Pechenegs (Besenyő)
- Kabar
- Qarays and Karaim language
Sources
Also mentioned in the Syrian compilation of Church Historian Zacharias Rhetor bishop of Mytilene
