Chabad Sichos Vayishlach

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The Rebbe said:

One of the Halachic differences between these two opinions is the age at which a non-Jew becomes obligated to observe the Seven Noahide Laws.

If the obligation of mitzvos at the age of 13 is dependent on the age at which (most) people reach maturity, then it should apply to Jew and non-Jew equally. If, however, it is one of the supra-rational Laws of Measures - which do not apply to non-Jews - then the age at which non-Jews' are obligated to perform their seven commandments depends entirely on individual maturity.

In terms of spiritual service, the difference between these two opinions relates to the manner in which a Jew is to approach the performance of Torah and mitzvos:

According to the first opinion, the approach is one of serving G-d logically; if the age at which one becomes obligated to perform mitzvos depends on one' intellectual maturity, it is understandable that the service commences with logic and comprehension.

According to the second opinion, however, the obligation to begin performing mitzvos at 13 is supra-rational - because G-d has so commanded. It therefore follows that the approach to the performance of mitzvos involves the supra-rational acceptance of the Divine Yoke.

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