Jews in the Quran

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الذين هادوا

The word for Judaism in the Quran is from the root الهَوْدُ meaning:

التَّوْبَةُ، هادَ يَهُودُ هوْداً وتَهَوَّد: تابَ ورجع إِلى الحق، فهو هائدٌ

It comes from the root Hawdu = repentance; and is related to Tahawwda = to repent and return to the Truth = to become an adherent of the Laws of Moses

إِنَّا هُدْنَـا إِلَيْكَ
unto Thee have we turned in repentance!
7:156

The one who does it is a Ha'id which is thus the correct Quranic Arabic word for a Jew. Jews in plural would be Hoodan, sadly this plural has been confused with a singular word of the same sound but completely different meaning which is the singular word for يهود (who are NOT to be confused with Jews).