Terefah

Terefah from the root word meaning "torn" refers to a living thing which has been mauled. A Noahide is not allowed to euthenize a human who has been mauled but must strive to save their life.

With regards to eating of an animal which has been mauled, despite the injuction of casting it to Caleb in Exodus 22:31 the Torah mentions the possibility of eating it and the need to wash thereafter Leviticus 17:15. The implication is that one must cast it to Caleb but may then eat it with Caleb as long as one follows the rules of ritual purification thereafter. Therefore Caleb can not simply mean some kind of dog but must be a reference to a type of person, probably symbolized by none other than Caleb himself. Caleb symbolizes the repentant Edomites who may not stand in the congregation of the L-rd until the 3rd generation. One may not simply eat it to make oneself Tumah as it is illegal per Leviticus 28:2.

Terefah which must be cast to Caleb does not make one cut off by eating it so the rule may be understood that likewise neither does eating Nevilah which must be donated to Believing Noahides or if they don't want it then sold to a Nachri. But what does cutt off an Israelite is not casting or donating the respective foods as commanded.

In Galatians 2:11-14, Paul of Tarsus (who is supported by Jacob Emden) was adamant that this is the correct Halakhah and criticized Simon Peter for siding with the Shammuti (circumcision first) interpretation.