Noahide Law in the New Testament - Revision history

פטר חמור at 09:02, 16 September 2022

2022-09-16T09:02:11Z

פטר חמור at 08:57, 16 September 2022

2022-09-16T08:57:23Z

פטר חמור: /* References */

2022-07-04T09:19:20Z

‎References

פטר חמור: /* Possible Correspondence */

2021-04-19T15:09:11Z

‎Possible Correspondence

פטר חמור: /* Decree of the Council of Jerusalem */

2018-03-06T14:32:38Z

‎Decree of the Council of Jerusalem

פטר חמור at 14:29, 6 March 2018

2018-03-06T14:29:41Z

פטר חמור: /* References */

2018-03-06T14:12:20Z

‎References

WikSysop: /* Christian Commentary */

2009-08-01T18:26:26Z

‎Christian Commentary

WikSysop: fixed greek

2007-05-16T07:04:11Z

fixed greek

WikSysop at 13:29, 15 May 2007

2007-05-15T13:29:37Z

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 <references />
 [[Category:Christian Religion]]
 [[Category:Petter Chamor Approach]]

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 [[Category: Noahide Christian Religion]]
 [[Category:Christian Religion]]
-[[Category:Ashkenazi Approach]]
+[[Category:Petter Chamor Approach]]

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 [[Category: Noahide Christian Religion]]
 [[Category:Christian Religion]]
-[[Category:Tosafists Approach]]
+[[Category:Ashkenazi Approach]]

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 :15:16 ‘After this I will return, and I will rebuild the fallen tent of David; I will rebuild its ruins and restore it, 15:17 so that the rest of humanity may seek the Lord, namely, all the Gentiles I have called to be my own,’ says the Lord, who makes these things 15:18 known from long ago.
-The wording "who makes these things known from long ago" is similarly worded to Sanhedrin 60a which says "My statutes ye shall keep, implying the statutes decreed from of old shall ye keep"
+The wording "who makes these things known from long ago" is similarly worded to Sanhedrin 60a which says "My statutes ye shall keep, implying the statutes decreed from of old shall ye keep" which is used in reference to avoid grafting.
 ==References==

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 </blockquote>
-Apparently setting down four (or five) rules in addition to the Roman laws against theft:
+Apparently setting down six prerequisites in addition to the Roman laws against theft:
 # turn to God

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 ==Decree of the Council of Jerusalem==
-After concluding that circumcision is not required for non-Jews, James, the leader of the [[Council of Jerusalem]] says:
+After listening to Paul's opinion that Christ will be no benefit to people with no Israelite ancestry who allow themselves to be circumcised and concluding that circumcision is not required for those who are not Zera Yisroel, James, the leader of the [[Council of Jerusalem]] says:
 <blockquote>
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 <blockquote>
 :19 “Therefore I conclude that we should not cause extra difficulty for those among the Gentiles<ref>εθνοσ,n  {eth'-nos}
-) a multitude (whether of men or of beasts) associated or  living together  1a) a company, troop, swarm  2) a multitude of individuals of the same nature or genus  2a) the human family  3) a tribe, nation, people group  4) in the OT, foreign nations not worshipping the true God, pagans,  Gentiles  5) Paul uses the term for Gentile Christians</ref> who are turning to God, 15:20 but that we should write them a letter telling them to (1) abstain from things defiled by idols and (2) from sexual immorality and (3) from what has been strangled and (4) from blood. 15:21 For Moses has had those who (5) proclaim him in every town from ancient times, because he is read aloud in the synagogues every Sabbath.”
+) a multitude (whether of men or of beasts) associated or  living together  1a) a company, troop, swarm  2) a multitude of individuals of the same nature or genus  2a) the human family  3) a tribe, nation, people group  4) in the OT, foreign nations not worshipping the true God, pagans,  Gentiles  5) Paul uses the term for Gentile Christians</ref> (1) who are turning to God, 15:20 but that we should write them a letter telling them to (2) abstain from things defiled by idols and (3) from sexual immorality and (4) from what has been strangled and (5) from blood. 15:21 For Moses has had those who (6) proclaim him in every town from ancient times, because he is read aloud in the synagogues every Sabbath.”
 </blockquote>
-Apparently setting down four (or five) prohibitions
+Apparently setting down four (or five) rules in addition to the Roman laws against theft:
 # abstain from things defiled by idols
 # from sexual immorality
-# from what has been strangled
+# from what has been strangled (Treif)
-# from blood
+# from blood (killing)
 # proclaim him in every town
-These prohibitions are variously interpreted. The prohibition against "things strangled", apparently refers to animals which had been improperly slaughtered according to Jewish law, i.e., without the draining of blood. Some, accordingly, take the prohibition against "blood" as a reference to murder. The two, eating blood and murder, are closely associated in Genesis 9:3-6, in commands given to Noah and his descendents.
+These rules are variously interpreted. The prohibition against "things strangled", apparently refers to [[Treif]] meaning animals which had been improperly slaughtered according to Jewish law, i.e., without the draining of blood. Some, accordingly, take the prohibition against "blood" as a reference to murder. The two, eating blood and murder, are closely associated in Genesis 9:3-6, in commands given to Noah and his descendents.
 Compare Jubilees 7:28, which also combines the two as part of the Noachite covenant. Leviticus 17:10-18:30 was also an important text. There the immoral "ways of the nations", particularly eating blood and sexual immorality, are forbidden to the "stranger who resides among you" (the ger toshav) as well as the Israelite.
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 One possible correspondence to the Seven Laws is as follows:
 # ειδωλον (idols)  — [[Prohibition of Idolatry]] #1
 # πορνεια (sexual immorality) — [[Prohibition of Sexual Immorality]] #4
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 # αιματοσ (from blood) — [[Prohibition of Homicide]] #3
 # κατα πολιν (in every town) — [[Imperative of Legal System]] #7
 # (missing) — [[Prohibition of Theft]] #5

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:12, 6 March 2018
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	[[Category: Noahide Christian Religion]]		[[Category: Noahide Christian Religion]]
	[[Category:Christian Religion]]		[[Category:Christian Religion]]
		+	[[Category:Tosafists Approach]]

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 ==Christian Commentary==
 [[Image:Christian.png|right]]
 According to Bruce Metzger's ''Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'': "the Apostolic Decree [15.29,15.20,21.25] ... contain many problems concerning text and exegesis"; "it is possible ... (fornication means) marriage within the prohibited Levitical Degrees (Lv 18.6-18), which the rabbis described as "forbidden for porneia," or mixed marriages with pagans (Nu 25.1; also compare 2 Cor 6.14), or participation in pagan worship which had long been described by Old Testament prophets as spiritual adultery and which, in fact, offered opportunity in many temples for religious prostitution"; "An extensive literature exists on the text and exegesis"; NRSV has things polluted by idols, fornication, whatever has been strangled, blood; NIV has food polluted by idols, sexual immorality, meat of strangled animals, blood; Young's Literal Translation has pollutions of the idols, whoredom, strangled thing, blood; Gaus' ''Unvarnished New Testament'' has pollution of idolatrous sacrifices, unchastity, meat of strangled animals, blood; New American Bible has pollution from idols, unlawful marriage, meat of strangled animals, blood.
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 Karl Josef von Hefele's commentary on canon II of Gangra] notes: "We further see that, at the time of the Synod of Gangra, the rule of the Apostolic Synod with regard to blood and things strangled was still in force. With the Greek Orthodox, indeed, it continued always in force as their Euchologies still show. Theodore Balsamon also, the well-known commentator on the canons of the Middle Ages, in his commentary on the sixty-third Canons of the Apostles, expressly blames the Latins because they had ceased to observe this command.
 What the Latin Church, however, thought on this subject about the year 400, is shown by St. Augustine in his work Contra Faustum, where he states that the Apostles had given this command in order to unite the heathens and Jews in the one ark of Noah; but that then, when the barrier between Jewish and heathen converts had fallen, this command concerning things strangled and blood had lost its meaning, and was only observed by few. But still, as late as the eighth century, Pope Gregory the Third, 731 CE, forbade the eating of blood or things strangled under threat of a penance of forty days.
 ==Possible Correspondence==

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 <blockquote>
-:19 “Therefore I conclude that we should not cause extra difficulty for those among the Gentiles who are turning to God, 15:20 but that we should write them a letter telling them to (1) abstain from things defiled by idols and (2) from sexual immorality and (3) from what has been strangled and (4) from blood. 15:21 For Moses has had those who (5) proclaim him in every town from ancient times, because he is read aloud in the synagogues every Sabbath.”
+:19 διὸ ἐγὼ κρίνω μὴ παρενοχλεῖν τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἐπιστρέφουσιν ἐπὶ τὸν θεόν, 15:20 ἀλλὰ ἐπιστεῖλαι αὐτοῖς τοῦ ἀπέχεσθαι τῶν ἀλισγημάτων τῶν εἰδώλων καὶ τῆς πορνείας καὶ τοῦ πνικτοῦ καὶ τοῦ αἵματος: 15:21 Μωϋσῆς γὰρ ἐκ γενεῶν ἀρχαίων κατὰ πόλιν τοὺς κηρύσσοντας αὐτὸν ἔχει ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς κατὰ πᾶν σάββατον ἀναγινωσκόμενος.
 </blockquote>
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 One possible correspondence to the Seven Laws is as follows:
-# idols — [[Prohibition of Idolatry]] #1
+# εἴδωλον (idols)  — [[Prohibition of Idolatry]] #1
-# sexual immorality — [[Prohibition of Sexual Immorality]] #4
+# πορνεία (sexual immorality) — [[Prohibition of Sexual Immorality]] #4
-# strangled — [[Prohibition of Limb of a Living Creature]] #6
+# πνικτός (strangled) — [[Prohibition of Limb of a Living Creature]] #6
-# from blood — [[Prohibition of Homicide]] #3
+# αἷμα (from blood) — [[Prohibition of Homicide]] #3
-# in every town — [[Imperative of Legal System]] #7
+# κατὰ πόλιν (in every town) — [[Imperative of Legal System]] #7
 # (missing) — [[Prohibition of Blasphemy]] #2
 # (missing) — [[Prohibition of Theft]] #5