פטר חמור at 08:10, 10 May 2018

2018-05-10T08:10:44Z

Kasluch: Replaced content with 'Karaim (adjective) pertaining to the culture language and religion of the Karaims A Karaim (singular noun) is a member of the ethno-religious group called Karaims n…'

2013-08-18T08:33:15Z

Replaced content with '*Karaim (adjective) pertaining to the culture language and religion of the Karaims *A Karaim (singular noun) is a member of the ethno-religious group called Karaims n…'

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פטר חמור at 14:12, 27 September 2012

2012-09-27T14:12:42Z

פטר חמור at 14:08, 27 September 2012

2012-09-27T14:08:55Z

פטר חמור at 13:55, 27 September 2012

2012-09-27T13:55:09Z

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פטר חמור: Redirected page to Karaite Karaism

2012-08-13T21:41:39Z

Redirected page to Karaite Karaism

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#redirect[[Karaite Karaism]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:10, 10 May 2018
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	*Karaim (adjective) pertaining to the culture language and religion of the [[Karaims]]		*Karaim (adjective) pertaining to the culture language and religion of the [[Karaims]]
−	*A Karaim (singular noun) is a member of the ~~ethno-~~religious ~~group~~ called [[Karaims]] ~~not~~ to be confused with Ha-Yehudim Ha-Qaraim.	+	*A Karaim (singular noun) is a member of one of the religious groups called [[Karaims]] none of which are to be confused with Ha-Yehudim Ha-Qaraim.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:12, 27 September 2012
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−	~~The~~ '''Karaim ~~language~~''' (Crimean dialect: ''къарай тили'', Trakai dialect: ''karaj tili'', Turkish dialect: ''karay dili'') is a [[Kypchak Turkic language]]. It is spoken by ca. 1,130 [[Karaims]] and [[Karaylar]] – ethnic [[Turkic peoples\|Turkic]] adherents of Islamized Mosaism in [[Lithuania]], [[Poland]] and [[Crimea]] and [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)\|Galicia]] in [[Ukraine]]. The three main dialects are those of Crimea, [[Trakai]]-[[Vilnius]] and [[Lutsk]]-[[Halych]] all of which are critically [[endangered language\|endangered]].	+	'''Karaim''' refers to an ethno-linguistic group descended from speakers of the Karaim language (Crimean dialect: ''къарай тили'', Trakai dialect: ''karaj tili'', Turkish dialect: ''karay dili'') is a [[Kypchak Turkic language]]. It is spoken by ca. 1,130 [[Karaims]] and [[Karaylar]] – ethnic [[Turkic peoples\|Turkic]] adherents of Islamized Mosaism in [[Lithuania]], [[Poland]] and [[Crimea]] and [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)\|Galicia]] in [[Ukraine]]. The three main dialects are those of Crimea, [[Trakai]]-[[Vilnius]] and [[Lutsk]]-[[Halych]] all of which are critically [[endangered language\|endangered]].

	The Lithuanian dialect of Karaim is spoken mainly in the town of [[Trakai]] (also known as Troki) by a small community. Trakai is a former residence of the [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]], and [[Karaims]] were brought there by [[Grand Duke]] [[Vytautas]] in 1397–1398 to defend [[Trakai Island Castle\|the castle]]. There is a chance the language will survive in Trakai as a result of official support as well as its appeal to tourists.		The Lithuanian dialect of Karaim is spoken mainly in the town of [[Trakai]] (also known as Troki) by a small community. Trakai is a former residence of the [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]], and [[Karaims]] were brought there by [[Grand Duke]] [[Vytautas]] in 1397–1398 to defend [[Trakai Island Castle\|the castle]]. There is a chance the language will survive in Trakai as a result of official support as well as its appeal to tourists.

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-The '''Karaim language''' (Crimean dialect: ''къарай тили'', Trakai dialect: ''karaj tili'', Turkish dialect: ''karay dili'') is a [[Turkic languages|Turkic language]] with [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] influences, in a similar manner to [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] or [[Ladino language|Ladino]]. It is spoken by ca. 1,130 [[Karaims]] (also known as Qarays) – ethnic [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] adherents of Islamized Mosaism in [[Lithuania]], [[Poland]] and [[Crimea]] and [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]] in [[Ukraine]]. The three main dialects are those of Crimea, [[Trakai]]-[[Vilnius]] and [[Lutsk]]-[[Halych]] all of which are critically [[endangered language|endangered]].
+The '''Karaim language''' (Crimean dialect: ''къарай тили'', Trakai dialect: ''karaj tili'', Turkish dialect: ''karay dili'') is a [[Kypchak Turkic language]]. It is spoken by ca. 1,130 [[Karaims]] and [[Karaylar]] – ethnic [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] adherents of Islamized Mosaism in [[Lithuania]], [[Poland]] and [[Crimea]] and [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]] in [[Ukraine]]. The three main dialects are those of Crimea, [[Trakai]]-[[Vilnius]] and [[Lutsk]]-[[Halych]] all of which are critically [[endangered language|endangered]].
 The Lithuanian dialect of Karaim is spoken mainly in the town of [[Trakai]] (also known as Troki) by a small community. Trakai is a former residence of the [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]], and [[Karaims]] were brought there by [[Grand Duke]] [[Vytautas]] in 1397–1398 to defend [[Trakai Island Castle|the castle]]. There is a chance the language will survive in Trakai as a result of official support as well as its appeal to tourists.
 ==History==
 ===Karaims in Crimea and Lithuania===
-The origin of the Karaims living in Crimea is subject to much dispute and inconsistency. Difficulty in reconstructing this history stems from the scarcity of documents pertaining to this population.  Most of the known history is gathered from correspondence between the populations of Karaims and populations elsewhere in the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries (Akhiezer 2003).  Furthermore, a large number of documents pertaining to the Crimean population of Karaim were burned during the 1736 Russian invasion of the Tatar Khanate capital of Bakhchisarai (Akhiezer 2003).
+Most of the known history is gathered from correspondence between the populations of Karaims and populations elsewhere in the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries (Akhiezer 2003).  Furthermore, a large number of documents pertaining to the Crimean population of Karaim were burned during the 1736 Russian invasion of the Tatar Khanate capital of Bakhchisarai (Akhiezer 2003).
-On the other hand, there is a belief that the Karaims are descendants of [[Khazars]], or later, [[Kipchak people|Kipchak]] tribes who converted to Karaism (IICK 2007).  The link to the Khazars, however, is regarded by the scholarly community as historically inaccurate and implausible.<ref>Гершом Киприсчи [Gershom Kiprischi], [http://bakhtawiacademy.livejournal.com/6010.html ''Лекция 7. Вопрос караимской самоидентификации: Остаток библейского Израиля, отдельная авраамическая религия, иудейская секта средневековья, осколок Хазарского каганата или от всего понемногу? Часть 3-Ая, Заключение''] ''(Lecture 7. Karaite identity question: part of biblical Israel, a separate Abrahamic religion, a Jewish sect created in the Middle Ages, a splinter of the Khazar Khanate, or a little of everything? part 3 - conclusion)'', Bakhtavi Karaite Theological Academy, 29 October 2008.</ref>
+Schur 1995 says that Karaims are descendants of Karaite merchants on the active trade routes from Crimea to China and Central Asia who migrated to Crimea from the [[Byzantine Empire]], presumably adopting a [[Turkic language]] upon their arrival in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
-The third hypothese says that Karaites are the descendents of Israelite tribes from the time of the first Exile by an Assyrian King.  Karaite [[Abraham Firkovich]] collected the documents arguing in favor of this theory before the Russian tsar. He was of the opinion that Israelites from Assyria had gone into the North Caucasus and from there, with the permission of Assyrian king into the Crimean peninsula.  Whether Firkovich forged some of the tombstone inscriptions and manuscripts is controversial.<ref>Barry Dov Walfish, and Mikhail Kizilov, ''Bibliographia Karaitica: an Annotated bibliography of Karaites and Karaism. Karaite Texts and Studies'', pub BRILL, 2010, ISBN 9004189270, p198.</ref>
+A migration of Karaite Jews from Istanbul to Crimea is documented following a fire in the Jewish quarter of [[Constantinople]] (modern [[Istanbul]]) in 1203 (Tsoffar 2006) and were apparently assimilated by the Karaims, descendants of [[Khazars]] (IICK 2007) and Israelite tribes from the time of the first Exile by an Assyrian King. Karaim-Karaylar Gahan [[Abraham Firkovich]] collected the documents arguing in favor of this theory before the Russian tsar. He was of the opinion that Israelites from Assyria had gone into the North Caucasus and from there, with the permission of Assyrian king into the Crimean peninsula. Walfish and Kizilov have discussed the authenticity of Firkovich's finds.<ref>Barry Dov Walfish, and Mikhail Kizilov, ''Bibliographia Karaitica: an Annotated bibliography of Karaites and Karaism. Karaite Texts and Studies'', pub BRILL, 2010, ISBN 9004189270, p198.</ref>
-The origin of the Karaites in Lithuania is much better documented and agreed upon by the scholars.  The Lithuanian Karaites originated in Crimea.  In 1392, the Grand Duke [[Vytautas]] of Lithuania defeated the [[Crimean Tatars]] and relocated 330 Karaims families to Lithuania (Schur 1995).  They settled primarily in Vilnius and Trakai, maintaining their Turkic language; there has been further minor settlement in [[Biržai]], [[Pasvalys]], [[Kudirkos Naumiestis|Naujamiestis]] and [[Upytė]].  Despite a history through the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries that included disease, famine, and pogroms, Lithuania was somewhat less affected by such turmoil than surrounding areas.  As a result, Lithuanian Karaim had a relative sense of stability over those years, and maintained their isolation as a group, keeping their Turkic language rather than abandoning it for the local languages (“Karaim Homepage” 1998).
+The origin of the Karaites in Lithuania is much better documented and agreed upon by the scholars.  The Lithuanian Karaites originated in Crimea.  In 1392, the Grand Duke [[Vytautas]] of Lithuania defeated the [[Crimean Tatars]] and relocated 330 Karaims families to Lithuania (Schur 1995).  They settled primarily in Vilnius and Trakai, maintaining their Turkic language; there has been further minor settlement in [[Biržai]], [[Pasvalys]], [[Kudirkos Naumiestis|Naujamiestis]] and [[Upytė]]. Despite a history through the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries that included disease, and famine, Lithuania was somewhat less affected by such turmoil than surrounding areas. As a result, Lithuanian Karaims had a relative sense of stability over those years, and maintained their isolation as a group, keeping their Turkic language rather than abandoning it for the local languages (“Karaim Homepage” 1998).
 ===Genetic affiliation of the Karaim language===