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| − | The Hia, or Hsia was the first permanent dynasty in China. It flourished in the first half of second millenium BC. Slowly it was losing the Mandate of Heaven, and the 17th king, Kié, a tyrant, was deposed by the Shang in 1766 BC. But one son of his, Sun-ui, fled with some aristocrats to North, they became nomads and founded the Hiung-nu nation (Groot 1921). | + | The Hia, or Hsia was the first permanent dynasty in China. It flourished in the first half of second millenium BC. Slowly it was losing the Mandate of Heaven, and the 17th king, Kié, a tyrant, was deposed by the Shang in 1766 BC. But one son of his, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunwei Sun-ui], fled with some aristocrats to North, they became nomads and founded the Hiung-nu nation (Groot 1921). |
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| − | When Ban Chao attacked the Huns, Bei Shan-Yu, last descendant of Sun-ui migrated to the Caspian depression and his ''Hunnoi'' are first mentioned by Tacitus as being near the Caspian Sea in 91 CE. By CE 139, the geographer Ptolemy writes that the "Huni" (''Χοῦνοι'' or ''Χουνοἰ'') are between the Bastarnae and the Rhoxolani in the Pontic area under the rule of ''Suni''. He lists the beginning of the 2nd century, although it is not known for certain if these people were the Huns. It is possible that the similarity between the names "Huni" (''Χοῦνοι'') and "Hunnoi" (''Ουννοι'') is only a coincidence considering that while the Western Roman Empire often wrote Chunni or Chuni, the Byzantine Empire never used the guttural ''Χ'' at the beginning of the name.<ref name=Thompson1996/>
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| − | By the late 4th century CE Balamber the Kushan had forced them into the southern Ural region where the majority stayed gradually establishing the Finnic areas of Europe and Russia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humber_the_Hun Humber] the "[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Viking_Expansion.svg Nordic]" Hun who raided Britain was one of their descendants. Only a small fraction of the Uralic Huns actually moved with the Kushans into European Scythia as the Hunugurs (modern [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1469-1809.2000.6420145.x/pdf Örség]). According to the Byzantine History of Priscus, while the hunters of this tribe (Hunor and Magor sons of Nimrod son of Tana) were as usual seeking game on the far bank of Lake Maeotis (Caspian Sea), they saw a deer appear unexpectedly before them and enter the swamp (Volga Delta), leading them on as a guide of the way, now advancing and now standing still. The hunters followed it on foot and crossed the [http://www.parstimes.com/spaceimages/volga_river_delta_lrg.jpg Maeotic swamp (Volga Delta)], which they had thought was as impassable as the sea. When the unknown Scythian land of the Alans appeared, the deer disappeared. The Huns, who had been completely ignorant that any other world existed beyond the Maeotic swamp, were filled with admiration of the Scythian country, and, since they were quick of mind, believed that the passage, familiar to no previous age, had been shown to them by God. They returned to their own people, told them what had happened, and persuaded them to follow along the way which the deer, as their guide, had shown them. They hastened to Scythia. Soon they crossed the huge swamp and like some tempest overwhelmed the various tribes of Dula, King of the Alans to become the Ki-Dulo Crimean Huns (Kerami/Kermikhiones).<ref>Priscus, Byzantine History, fragment 10.</ref> This is the basis of both the Hungarian legend of Hunor and Magor inn the Gesta Ungarorum and Chronicon Pictum as well as the Bulgarian legend of the Martenitsa recorded by Vasil Stanilov.
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Latest revision as of 14:48, 6 March 2013
Y-Haplogroup N
The Hia, or Hsia was the first permanent dynasty in China. It flourished in the first half of second millenium BC. Slowly it was losing the Mandate of Heaven, and the 17th king, Kié, a tyrant, was deposed by the Shang in 1766 BC. But one son of his, Sun-ui, fled with some aristocrats to North, they became nomads and founded the Hiung-nu nation (Groot 1921).
