Difference between revisions of "The Geography of the Seventy Nations"

Latest revision as of 12:19, 6 March 2018

Main article Seventy nations

1 Rabbinical designations
- 1.1 The Sons of Japheth (Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C)
  - 1.1.1 The Sons of Gomer (Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M217)
  - 1.1.2 The Sons of Yavan
- 1.2 The Sons of Cham (Y-chromosomal Haplogroup DE)
  - 1.2.1 The Sons of Khush and Ra'amah
    - 1.2.1.1 Nimrod's Kingdom and His Foundations
  - 1.2.2 The Sons of Mitzraim
2 Modern Quasi-Scientific Attempts at designations
3 Conclusion

Rabbinical designations

A table of Biblical versus Rabbinical names of the seventy nations as listed in the Jewish Encyclopedia.

The Sons of Japheth (Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C)

Gomer identified with Carthagena (; according to some sources, Gothia).
Magog identified with Germania. Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-V20
Madai identified with Media. Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M356
Yavan identified with Macedonia (according to some sources, Ephesus).
Tuval identified with Bithynia.
Meshekh identified with Mysia.
Tiras identified with Thracia.

The Sons of Gomer (Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M217)

Ashkenaz identified with Asia (preconsuiaris).
Rifath identified with Adiabene.
Togarmah identified with Germanicia (city in the province of Commagene).

The Sons of Yavan

Elishah identified with ?olis (in Asia Minor).
Tarshish identified with Tarsus (city in Asia Minor).
Kittim identified with Italy (southern; according to some sources, Hellas).
Dodanim identified with Dardania (a district in the southwestern part of Moesia).

The Sons of Cham (Y-chromosomal Haplogroup DE)

Khush identified with Arabia.
Mitzraim identified with Egypt.
Put identified with Marmarica (between Egypt and Cyrenaica).
Canaan identified with Canaan. Y-chromosomal Haplogroup D

The Sons of Khush and Ra'amah

Seva identified with Syene (the frontier town of Egypt to the south).
Chavila identified with India (in Africa, south of Egypt).
Savtah identified with Lembrit? (to the south of Meroe").
Savtekha identified with Region on the eastern coast of Africa.
Ra'amah identified with Sudan (between Egypt and Ethiopia).
- Sheva identified with Mons Samaragdus (along the Red Sea).
- Dedan identified with Mazaces (in Mauritania).

Nimrod's Kingdom and His Foundations

Erekh identified with Warka (on the left bank of the Euphrates; according to some sources, Charon in Media).
Akkad identified with Cascara (on the Tigris; according to some sources, Nisibin).
Khalneh identified with Nippur (unidentified by the Midrash; according to some sources, Ctesiphon).
Rehovoth Ir identified with Probably a suburb of Nineveh.
Khalach identified with Edessa.
Resen identified with Ctesiphon.

The Sons of Mitzraim

Ludim identified with Nomos Neut.
'Anamim identified with Mareot?.
Lehavim identified with Nomos in North Egypt.
Naftuchim identified with Pentascoimen.
Pathrusim identified with Unidentified.
Kasluchim identified with Pentapolis (Cyrenaica).
Kaftorim identified with Cappadocia.

Modern Quasi-Scientific Attempts at designations

Here are two reconstructions of the traditional geographical location of the Biblical nations around the time of First Temple.

Noahide Nations around the time of First Temple

Migration of Noahide Nations

Japheth

Japheth, literally means "opened" or "expanded". Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C*.

Gomer, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M217. The Cimmerian nation (Κιμμέριοι) that roamed from the Eurasian Steppes.

Ashkenaz, Scythians of central Eurasia. Their noble name was adopted by the Germano-Celtic farmers (Scands & Scots) they ruled over.

Rifath, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-MP39 Found in several indigenous peoples of North America, including some Na-Dené-, Algonquian-, or Siouan-speaking populations.

Togarmah, Turks from Tocharia e.g. the Khazars, the Pechenegs, the Bulgars, the Alans, the Kökturks, the Oghuz, the Oghurs/Onogurs, the Ragbi, the Zabuz, and Tiros father of Hayk & Kartlos, the proto-Persians.

Magog, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-V20^[1]. The nation that originally came from Georgia, a region between the Black and Caspian Seas south of the Caucasus Mountains.

Meshekh, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-P55 New Guinea, Massagetae.

Tubal, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M347, Australia, not to be confused with the Tubal-Qenites.

Tiras, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M8, Yonaguni, who established Yayoi by 300BC.

Madai, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M356, not to be confused with the Medes of Mittanni.

Javan, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M38, Java.

Elishah Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M38, Paradisical Austronesian islands.

Tarshish, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M38 eastern land where peacocks and apes abound.

Dodanim Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M38. An ancient nation who brought about the post-diluvian division among mankind. Not to be confused with the Dedanites of Jokshan.

Kittim, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M38 Cathay of the Far East, preserved through the centuries in the more familiar Chinese term, Cathay. The Cathay were Mongoloids and considered a part of early Chinese stock. It seems the remnants of the Kittim, after the destruction of their empire, traveled towards the east and settled among the Sinites, contributing to their civilization, and thus becoming the ancestors of many Asian people groups including the Khazar or Ashkenazim "Jews". Still others migrated throughout the region and beyond, making up the present-day Mongoloid races in Asia and the Americas. What the Chinese call "Hsiung-nu" However are the Y-Haplogroup N Turko-Mogul nomad tribes we know as "Huns".

Ham

Ham, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup DE*, literally means "warm" or "passionate". Although Ham first established himself in Sumer, the land of Ham is Africa; more particularly Egypt (Psalms 78:51; 105:23; 106:22). His descendants, however, were first to leave the territory assigned them, emigrating from Asia to the Pacific. The Shemites were still in the area at the time of Abram. It is the Canaanites who were "spread abroad" or driven out and scattered (Genesis 10:18) in the days of Peleg and later "divided" by the Gentiles or Japhethites when God "enlarged" them (Genesis 9:27; 10:5, 25).

Khush, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup DE*. Etymologically related to the Sanskrit word Krishna, both words meaning "dark/black". The earliest world empire mentioned in the Bible, as well as Sumerian and Hindu traditions which was replaced by the empire of Ashur. The Cushites drifted into Africa from the east, settling first in Shinar, thence south Arabia, southern Egypt, the Sudan and finally around Ethiopia.

Seva, Y-Haplogroup E2* (سبأ) Nation that settled the west coast of the Arabian Peninsula, founding the nation of the Sabaeans, nowadays called Yemen.

Savtah, Y-Haplogroup E2* Nation that settled on the east coast of southern Arabia.

Savtekha, Y-Haplogroup E2* Nation that settled in Yemen.

Chavila, Y-Haplogroup E2a Nation that settled on the eastern coast of northern Arabia near present-day Kuwait.

Ra'amah, Y-Haplogroup E2b Nation that settled on the east coast of southern Arabia, possibly in present-day Oman.

Sheva, Nation that settled north of Yemen in a fertile land known as the "Spice Kingdom" whence the queen brought oil of spikenard as a gift to king Solomon.

Dedan, Nation that settled in the United Arab Emirates in the Persian Gulf.

Mitzraim, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup E1b. Nation that settled in upper and lower Egypt in North Africa.

Ludim, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup E1b1b1b. Nation that settled Lybia on the northern coast of Africa.

'Anamim, Nation that settled in the Nile Delta but as little is known of this tribe they may have been devastated by the Ethiopic War.

Lehavim, Nation perhaps this tribe was destroyed in the Ethiopic War.

Naftuchim, Nation that settled in the Nile Delta and the western parts of Egypt. Early records refer to them as "they of the delta" or "marshland". Josephus says they were destroyed in the Ethiopic War.

Pathrusim, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup E1b1b1a Nation that settled Pathros in upper Egypt. They mixed with the Casluhim to produce Caphtorim and Palestinians.

Kasluchim, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup E1b1b1, They are the Colchihans of the Egyptian town Chemnis, Panoplis, Nation settled in northern Egypt. They mixed with the Pathrusim to produce Caphtorim and Palestinians.

Philistim, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup E1b1b1a. These are the Avvim who migrated to and occupied the lower part of the Mediterranean coast belonging to Canaan.

Caphtorim, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup E-M34. They also migrated to the lower part of the Mediterranean coast belonging to Shem and are the Palestinians. The Greco-Roman ancestors which they deified in their pantheons were mainly Caphtorim. They are also referred to by some ancient Egyptian Heiroglyphic inscriptions as the Shemau.

Put, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup E1a. Nation that settled Libya and are the Cyrenaeans and North Africans, possibly also connected to the Olmecs.

Canaan Y-chromosomal Haplogroup D once settled in the land of Canaan but has long since been wiped out in the west. The Hamitic origin of his name means, "belonging to the land of red purple" after the murex sea shells from which this dye was extracted. In Akkadian it meant "red-colored wool". The Greeks renamed them "phoenicians" from the Greek "Phoniki" which means dark red. The Romans transcribed the Greek "phoenix" to "poenus", thus calling the emigres to Carthage "punic". In Hebrew it means "merchant", or "trafficer" -- "to bend the knee", "humiliate", "bring down low", or "vanquish". Genesis 10:18 said, "the families of the Canaanites (would be scattered, vanquished, or) spread abroad".

Canaan Y-chromosomal Haplogroup D receives his first Biblical definition in the Table of Nations as the father of Sidon and Heth, of the Jebusites, Amorites, Girgasites, Hivites, Arkites, Sinites, Arvadites, Zemarites, and Hamathites. The five names following Sidon are familiar as the inhabitants of the "Promised Land" (Exodus 13:5). They occupied the area enclosed by the border of Genesis 10:19, running south from Sidon towards Gaza, through Gerar and across to the cities of the Dead Sea plain. No eastern limit is drawn. At the time of the conquest, the land as a whole was named Canaan (Numbers 35:10), a usage understandable in light of Canaan's place at the head of the peoples of Genesis 10:15-19.

A sizeable number of peoples generally classified as Mongoloid, who settled the Far East are descendants of the Canaanites, including some peoples of the Islands of the Southern Seas, some central Asians like the Tibetans and most of the Ainu.

Those of the Canaanite nations which are *not* counted among the seventy are as follow. Cheth, known to the Assyrians as the Khatti. Their name was perpetuated in the Hittite capital Hattushash; modern Boghazkoy in Turkey. Hattians in Cuneiform appears as Khittae, representing a once powerful nation. They were completely obliterated and are not counted among the 72 nations. Yevusite, Nation that settled around Jerusalem. They were completely obliterated and are not counted among the 72 nations. Amorite, Nation that settled east of Canaan by the Dead Sea and the Jordan (Joshua 24:11). They were completely obliterated and are not counted among the 72 nations. They were to conquer Babylonia, subsequently producing one of the most famous kings in the ancient world, Hammui, whose own name contains the designation Amarru. God told Abraham, "Israel will return to Canaan when the iniquity of the Amorites is come to the full" (Exodus 15:16). Girgashite, Nation that lived east of the river Jordan and the Sea of Galilee. Chivite, Nation that dwelt at the base of Mount Hermon in the Valleys of Lebanon, and at Shechem (Genesis 34:2; Joshua 9:7-17; 11:19).

The sons of Canaan which are counted among the seventy are as follow.

Sidon, Y-Haplogroup D1 Nation that settled on the Mediterranean coast north of Tyre.

'Arkite, Y-Haplogroup D3 Nation that dwelt near Mount Lebanon.

Arvadite, Y-Haplogroup D* Nation that settled on the Phoenician Island of Arad off the coast of Lebanon near Tripoli.

Tzemarite, Y-Haplogroup D* Nation that settled the coast adjacent to the Arvadites

Chamathite, Y-Haplogroup D2 Nation that settled in Hamath, the chief city of upper Syria on the Orontes river.

Sinite, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup D1 Nation that dwelt on the coast, west of Mount Lebanon. Sinites are the progenitors of the Sinitic people.

"Sin", a cousin of Hattians, has many occurrences in variant forms in the Far East and Y-chromosomal Haplogroup D. The place most closely associated by the Chinese themselves with the origin of their civilization is the capital of Shensi, namely, Siang-fu or "Father Sin", on the Wei, a tributory of the Yellow River, near important gold and jade mines.

Moreover, those who came from the Far East to trade with the Scythians were called Sinae (Sin). Ptolemy, a Greek astronomer, referred to China as the land of Sinim or Sin. Reference to the Sinim in Isaiah 49:12 notes they came "from afar," Arabs called China Sin, Chin, Mahachin, or Machin. The Sin were spoken of as a people in the remotest parts of Asia. Their most important town was Thin, a great trading emporium in western China. This city is now known as Thsin or simply Tin, and it lies in the province of Shensi. The Sin became independent in Western China, their princes reigning there for some 650 years before they finally gained dominion over the whole land. In the third century B.C., the dynasty of Tsin became supreme. In 217 B.C., Prince Cheng, founder of the Ch'in Dynasty (from which the name "China" is taken) unified China and took the title of Shih Hwang-ti (First Emperor). Shih Hwang-ti built much of the Great Wall of China, and a network of roads and canals that converged on his capitol, near modern Sian, in Shensi province. It is known that his people who gave their name to China actually came from Tibet. After the end of his dynasty his people were exiled from China not back to where they came from but to the ancient islands of Japan a legend now backed up by genetic science which has discovered Human Y-chromosomal Haplogroup D present not only in Tibet but also in northern Japan. After the attacks of King Saul the Benjaminite, the Amorite origin Gibeonites who became the Nethinim also migrated to Tibet (where the Hindus called them "untouchables") to be with their cousins bringing the vestiges of Israelite religion to the Sinites, which is evidenced in the composition of certain Chinese pictograms as well as some holidays on the Chinese calendar, the Shinto concept of Kami and other practices preserved by Shinto priests.

Sinites are not to be confused with the Cathay people of historical reference.

Shem

Shemite, literally means "renown". Y-chromosomal Haplogroup F*. Islamic sources have always referred to Iran as the original land of Shem. His descendants have been prominent in the middle east from time immemorial but have since spread throughout the world.

'Elam, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup H. The nation that settled a province east of Babylon and northeast of the lower Tigris and just north of Persia. The Elamite language has been genetically related to that of the Dravidians.

Asshur Y-chromosomal Haplogroup G, is the same name as Asher. The nation that is ancestor to the Adiabene Assyrians or Northern Iraquis.

Lud Y-chromosomal Haplogroup I. The nation that is the ancestor of the Lydians who settled in Asia Minor and spoke an Indo-European language.

Aram Y-chromosomal Haplogroup J. The nation that became the Aramaeans or Syrians and Lebanese. The origianl Arabs (it is still maintained), are those Semitic Arabs descended from Aram; whilst the Hamitic Arabs (whose languages Aram mostly adopted) are referred to somewhat derogatorily as Musta 'rabs, that is, pretended Arabs.

Utz, Nation that settled in Northern Arabia, between Babylonia and Edom

Arpakhshad, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup K. The nation that was the ancestor of the Chaldeans of Southern Iraq, Hebrews, Arabians, Amorites, and the Moabites/Jordanians.

Ever, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup L, means "emigrants" or "to vanish to the region beyond". Eber is the father of the Hebrews.

Peleg, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup MNOPS comes from the root word "palag", which means (literally or figuratively) "division" or to split. He was the fifth generation after the Flood when the earth was divided by tongues.

Yoqtan, Y-chromosomal Haplogroup T

Almodad, Nation whose settlement cannot be precisely determined, perhaps Yemen.

Sheva, Nation that became a Yemeni tribe of Arabs.

Chatzarmaveth, Nation on south-east Arabia.

Yerach, Nation on south-east Arabian coast.

Hadoram, Nation in southern Arabia.

Uzal, Nation that dwelt in Yemen.

Diqlah, Nation on that settled in the north-eastern extremity of the Arabian peninsula.

Oval, Nation that became a Yemeni tribe.

Avimael, Nation that became a Yemeni tribe.

Sheva, Nation that became a Yemeni tribe.

Ofir, Nation on the coast of south-west Arabia.

Chavilah, Nation on the eastern shore of the gulf of Aquaba.

Yovav, Nation close by present-day Mecca.

Conclusion

There have been many attempts to trace the traditional biblical nations to modern day ethnic groups some of which have been proven by genetic science while others are clearly in contradiction with the evidence. Nevertheless, as we will see further in Jewish literature, the "seventy nations" are archetypes for distinct approaches to understanding, sometimes called "seventy paths" to G-d. That being said, we must not lose sight of the connection to region, land, peoplehood, ethnicity and nationality for the purposes of determining legal jurisdiction.

↑ Scozzari R, Massaia A, D’Atanasio E, Myres NM, Perego UA, et al. (2012) Molecular Dissection of the Basal Clades in the Human Y Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree. PLoS ONE 7(11): e49170. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049170

[Scozzari2012-1] Scozzari R, Massaia A, D’Atanasio E, Myres NM, Perego UA, et al. (2012) Molecular Dissection of the Basal Clades in the Human Y Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree. PLoS ONE 7(11): e49170. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049170

[1]

Difference between revisions of "The Geography of the Seventy Nations"

Latest revision as of 12:19, 6 March 2018

Contents

Rabbinical designations

The Sons of Japheth (Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C)

The Sons of Gomer (Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M217)

The Sons of Yavan

The Sons of Cham (Y-chromosomal Haplogroup DE)

The Sons of Khush and Ra'amah

Nimrod's Kingdom and His Foundations

The Sons of Mitzraim

Modern Quasi-Scientific Attempts at designations

Japheth

Ham

Shem

Conclusion

Navigation menu

Personal tools

Namespaces

Variants

Views

More

Search

Navigation

Translations

Tools

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 A table of Biblical versus Rabbinical names of the seventy nations as listed in the [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/table.jsp?table_id=325&volid=9&title=NATIONS%20AND%20LANGUAGES,%20THE%20SEVENTY: Jewish Encyclopedia].
-===The Sons of Japheth===
+===The Sons of Japheth (Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C)===
 * [[Gomerite Nation|Gomer]] ''identified with'' Carthagena (; according to some sources, Gothia).
-* [[Magogite Nation|Magog]] ''identified with'' Germania.
+* [[Magogite Nation|Magog]] ''identified with'' Germania. Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-V20
-* [[Madaiite Nation|Madai]] ''identified with'' Media.
+* [[Madaiite Nation|Madai]] ''identified with'' Media. Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M356
 * [[Yavanite Nation|Yavan]] ''identified with'' Macedonia (according to some sources, Ephesus).
 * [[Tuvalite Nation|Tuval]] ''identified with'' Bithynia.
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 * [[Tirasite Nation|Tiras]] ''identified with'' Thracia.
-===The Sons of Gomer===
+====The Sons of Gomer (Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M217)====
 * [[Ashkenazite Nation|Ashkenaz]] ''identified with'' Asia (preconsuiaris).
 * [[Rifathite Nation|Rifath]] ''identified with'' Adiabene.
 * [[Togarmahite Nation|Togarmah]] ''identified with'' Germanicia (city in the province of Commagene).
-===The Sons of Yavan===
+====The Sons of Yavan====
 * [[Elishahite Nation|Elishah]] ''identified with'' ?olis (in Asia Minor).
 * [[Tarshishite Nation|Tarshish]] ''identified with'' Tarsus (city in Asia Minor).
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 * [[Dodanite Nation|Dodanim]] ''identified with'' Dardania (a district in the southwestern part of Moesia).
-===The Sons of Cham===
+===The Sons of Cham (Y-chromosomal Haplogroup DE)===
 * [[Khushite Nation|Khush]] ''identified with'' Arabia.
 * [[Mitzraite Nation|Mitzraim]] ''identified with'' Egypt.
 * [[Putite Nation|Put]] ''identified with'' Marmarica (between Egypt and Cyrenaica).
-* [[Canaanite Nation|Canaan]] ''identified with'' Canaan.
+* [[Canaanite Nation|Canaan]] ''identified with'' Canaan. Y-chromosomal Haplogroup D
-===The Sons of Khush and Ra'amah===
+====The Sons of Khush and Ra'amah====
 * [[Sevaite Nation|Seva]] ''identified with'' Syene (the frontier town of Egypt to the south).
 * [[Chavilite Nation|Chavila]] ''identified with'' India (in Africa, south of Egypt).
 * [[Savtahite Nation|Savtah]] ''identified with'' Lembrit? (to the south of Meroe").
-* [[Ra'amahite Nation|Ra'amah]] ''identified with'' Libya (between Egypt and Ethiopia).
 * [[Savtekhaite Nation|Savtekha]] ''identified with'' Region on the eastern coast of Africa.
-* [[Khushite-Shevaite Nation|Sheva]] ''identified with'' Mons Samaragdus (along the Red Sea).
+* [[Ra'amahite Nation|Ra'amah]] ''identified with'' Sudan (between Egypt and Ethiopia).
-* [[Dedanite Nation|Dedan]] ''identified with'' Mazaces (in Mauritania).
+** [[Khushite-Shevaite Nation|Sheva]] ''identified with'' Mons Samaragdus (along the Red Sea).
+** [[Dedanite Nation|Dedan]] ''identified with'' Mazaces (in Mauritania).
-==='''Nimrod's''' Kingdom and His Foundations===
+====='''Nimrod's''' Kingdom and His Foundations=====
 * '''Erekh''' ''identified with'' Warka (on the left bank of the Euphrates; according to some sources, Charon in Media).
 * '''Akkad''' ''identified with'' Cascara (on the Tigris; according to some sources, Nisibin).
@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 * '''Resen''' ''identified with'' Ctesiphon.
-===The Sons of Mitzraim===
+====The Sons of Mitzraim====
 * [[Mitzraite-Ludite Nation|Ludim]] ''identified with'' Nomos Neut.
 * [['Anamite Nation|'Anamim]] ''identified with'' Mareot?.
@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 * [[Kaftorite Nation|Kaftorim]] ''identified with'' Cappadocia.
-==Modern Attempts at designations==
+==Modern Quasi-Scientific Attempts at designations==
 Here are two reconstructions of the  traditional geographical location of the Biblical nations around the time of First Temple.
@@ Line 65: / Line 65: @@
 [[Image:noahidenations2.gif|thumb|Migration of Noahide Nations]]
-Japheth, literally means "opened" or "expanded". Naturally in the sense that his descendents settled all Europe and the greater part of Asia, and later colonised and developed the Western Hemisphere previously ruled by Ham and Canaan, as Shem replaced Canaan in the Eretz Yisroel.
+===Japheth===
+'''Japheth''', literally means "opened" or "expanded". '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C*'''.
-From Japheth derive the Indo-Europeans and the Medes. The early Aryans knew Japheth as Djapatischta (chief of the race); Greeks referred to Japheth as Iapetos or Japetos; East Indians called him Iyapeti or Pra-Japati; Romans deified him by the name Ju-Pater or Jupiter. The Saxons perpetuated his name as Iafeth, subsequently transliterated as Sceaf (pronounced sheef or shaif), and recorded in their early genealogies as the son of Noah the forebear of their various peoples (Anglo-Saxon Chronicles). The variant Seskef was used by the early Scandinavians.
+:[[Gomerite Nation|Gomer]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M217'''. The Cimmerian nation (Κιμμέριοι) that roamed from the Eurasian Steppes.
-The Japhetic tribes being furthest from the theocratic centre were last in attaining to historic eminance, and "enlarging" with much greater minuteness to detail the Hamitic and Arabian nations which were soonest developed and with which the Hebrews came most into contact in the initial stages of their journey through time.
+::[[Ashkenazite Nation|Ashkenaz]], Scythians of central Eurasia. Their noble name was adopted by the Germano-Celtic farmers (Scands & Scots) they ruled over.
-History has recorded Japheth's geographical enlargement. The entire Western hemisphere of our globe is settled by Japhetic peoples, and East Indians are of the same stock. The record of Japheth's spread (enlargement) over the earth has been marred consistently by his destruction of the cultures which were already in existence wherever he arrived in sufficient force to achieve dominion. It happened in the Americas, Africa, Asia, Australia, and only numerical superiority of the native population has hitherto preserved parts of Africa from the same fate. Indeed, in early historic times the pattern of events is repeated again and again, whatever cultural advances the pioneering Hamites had achieved tended to be swallowed up by the succeeding Japhethites. The "enlargement" of Japheth has continued to this day, an enlargement greatly accelerated geographically in the last few centuries -- frequently at the expense of the Hamites (or Canaanites) who first possessed the land.
+::[[Rifathite Nation|Rifath]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-MP39''' Found in several indigenous peoples of North America, including some Na-Dené-, Algonquian-, or Siouan-speaking populations.
-[[Gomerite Nation|Gomer]], Nation that settled in eastern Europe near the Black Sea, he became the Gauls/French, Galatians, Gaels/Scots, Celts/Irish, Goths/Germans/Scandinavians, Saxons/Britons/Welsh, Dutch, Armenians, Romans and related groups.
+::[[Togarmahite Nation|Togarmah]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togarmah Turks from Tocharia] e.g. the Khazars, the Pechenegs, the Bulgars, the [[Alans]], the Kökturks, the Oghuz, the Oghurs/Onogurs, the Ragbi, the Zabuz, and Tiros father of Hayk & Kartlos, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parni proto-Persians].
-[[Magogite Nation|Magog]], Nation that settled first in Georgia, a region between the Black and Caspian Seas south of the Caucasus Mountains, he became the Synthians, Russians, Belorussians and Ukranians.
+:[[Magogite Nation|Magog]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-V20'''<ref name = "Scozzari2012">Scozzari R, Massaia A, D’Atanasio E, Myres NM, Perego UA, ''et al.'' (2012) Molecular Dissection of the Basal Clades in the Human Y Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree. ''PLoS ONE'' 7(11): e49170. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049170</ref>. The nation that originally came from Georgia, a region between the Black and Caspian Seas south of the Caucasus Mountains.
-[[Madaiite Nation|Madai]], Nation that settled northwest of Persia proper, south and southwest of the Caspian Sea, east of Armenia and Assyria, and west and northwest of the great salt desert of Iran in the ancient kingdom of Media, now Iraq and the northern part of Iran. He is the father of the Medes and East Indians.
+:[[Meshekhite Nation|Meshekh]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-P55''' New Guinea, Massagetae.
-[[Yavanite Nation|Yavan]], Nation that became the Ionians and Greeks. His sons occupy Cyprus, Rhodes, and other islands and coasts of the Mediterranean and the coast of Spain, Italy and Portugal.
+:[[Tuvalite Nation|Tubal]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M347''', Australia, not to be confused with the Tubal-Qenites.
-[[Tuvalite Nation|Tuval]], The city of Tobolsk was named after him. Nation that settled near Cappadocia in Asia Minor and fathered the Bulgarians, Hungarians, Albanians, Romanians, other related groups.
+:[[Tirasite Nation|Tiras]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M8''', Yonaguni, who established Yayoi by 300BC.
-[[Meshekhite Nation|Meshekh]] The city of Moscow (Muskovi) is named after him. Nation that Initially settled in northern Turkey south east of the Caspian Sea, he fathered the Poles, Finns, Czechs, Yugoslavs and other related groups.
+:[[Madaiite Nation|Madai]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M356''', not to be confused with the Medes of Mittanni.
-[[Tirasite Nation|Tiras]], Nation that settled across the Propontis and fathered the Thracians, maritime groups, and possibly the Etruscans of Italy. Through his sons Ashkenaz, Riphath and Togarmah, Gomer peopled much of Armenia and the Carpathian Mountains.
+:[[Yavanite Nation|Javan]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M38''', Java.
-[[Ashkenazite Nation|Ashkenaz]], Nation that settled first in Armenia, migrating thence to Bithynia, the northern islands of Europe and European west coast: Germany, Scandinavia and Denmark.
+::[[Elishahite Nation|Elishah]] '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M38''', Paradisical Austronesian islands.
-[[Rifathite Nation|Rifath]], Nation that settled in Czechslovakia, Romania, and Turkey.
+::[[Tarshishite Nation|Tarshish]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M38''' eastern land where peacocks and apes abound.
-[[Togarmahite Nation|Togarmah]], Nation whose earliest descendants settled in Armenia, Turkey and Germany. In the late eighth century BC, Assyria probably uprooted and transported most of those still living in Armenia.
+::[[Dodanite Nation|Dodanim]] '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M38'''. An ancient nation who brought about the post-diluvian division among mankind. Not to be confused with the Dedanites of Jokshan.
-[[Elishahite Nation|Elishah]], The Greek translation is "Hellas". Nation that settled in Greece.
+::[[Kittite Nation|Kittim]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup C-M38''' Cathay of the Far East, preserved through the centuries in the more familiar Chinese term, Cathay. The Cathay were Mongoloids and considered a part of early Chinese stock. It seems the remnants of the Kittim, after the destruction of their empire, traveled towards the east and settled among the Sinites, contributing to their civilization, and thus becoming the ancestors of many Asian people groups including the Khazar or Ashkenazim "Jews". Still others migrated throughout the region and beyond, making up the present-day Mongoloid races in Asia and the Americas. What the Chinese call "Hsiung-nu" However are the Y-Haplogroup N Turko-Mogul nomad tribes we know as "[[Huns]]".
-[[Tarshishite Nation|Tarshish]], Nation that settled in Spain.
+===Ham===
+'''[[Chamite Nation|Ham]]''', '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup DE*''', literally means "warm" or "passionate". Although Ham first established himself in Sumer, the land of Ham is Africa; more particularly Egypt (Psalms 78:51; 105:23; 106:22). His descendants, however, were first to leave the territory assigned them, emigrating from Asia to the Pacific. The Shemites were still in the area at the time of Abram. It is the Canaanites who were "spread abroad" or driven out and scattered (Genesis 10:18) in the days of Peleg and later "divided" by the Gentiles or Japhethites when God "enlarged" them (Genesis 9:27; 10:5, 25).
-[[Kittite Nation|Kittim]], Nation that settled in Cyprus, other Mediterranean islands, and Macedonia.
+:[[Khushite Nation|Khush]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup DE*'''. Etymologically related to the Sanskrit word Krishna, both words meaning "dark/black". The earliest world empire mentioned in the Bible, as well as Sumerian and Hindu traditions which was replaced by the empire of Ashur. The Cushites drifted into Africa from the east, settling first in Shinar, thence south Arabia, southern Egypt, the Sudan and finally around Ethiopia.
-[[Dodanite Nation|Dodanim]], Nation that settled Rhodes and the Dardanelles and was subsequently deified and worshipped as Jupiter Dodonaeus.
+::[[Sevaite Nation|Seva]], '''Y-Haplogroup E2*''' (سبأ) Nation that settled the west coast of the Arabian Peninsula, founding the nation of the Sabaeans, nowadays called Yemen.
-'''Ham''', literally means "warm" or "passionate" as revealed by his sin with his father's wife. Although Ham first established himself in Sumer, the land of Ham is Africa; more particularly Egypt (Psalms 78:51; 105:23; 106:22). His descendants, however, were first to leave the territory assigned them, emigrating from Asia to the islands and the Americas.The Shemites were still in the area at the time of Abram. It is the Canaanites who were "spread abroad" or driven out and scattered (Genesis 10:18) in the days of Peleg and later "divided" by the Gentiles or Japhethites when God "enlarged" them (Genesis 9:27; 10:5, 25).
+::[[Savtahite Nation|Savtah]], '''Y-Haplogroup E2*''' Nation that settled on the east coast of southern Arabia.
-[[Chamite Nation|Cham]], Nation that settled first in Shinar, thence south Arabia, southern Egypt, the Sudan and northern Ethiopia.
+::[[Savtekhaite Nation|Savtekha]], '''Y-Haplogroup E2*''' Nation that settled in Yemen.
-[[Mitzraite Nation|Mitzraim]], Nation that settled in upper and lower Egypt in North Africa.
+::[[Chavilite Nation|Chavila]], '''Y-Haplogroup E2a''' Nation that settled on the eastern coast of northern Arabia near present-day Kuwait.
-[[Putite Nation|Put]], Nation that settled Libya and are the Cyrenaeans and North Africans.
+::[[Ra'amahite Nation|Ra'amah]], '''Y-Haplogroup E2b''' Nation that settled on the east coast of southern Arabia, possibly in present-day Oman.
-[[Canaanite Nation|Canaan]] settled in the land of Canaan. The Hamitic origin of his name means, "belonging to the land of red purple" after the murex sea shells from which this dye was extracted. In Akkadian it meant "red-colored wool". The Greeks renamed them "phoenicians" from the Greek "Phoniki" which means dark red. The Romans transcribed the Greek "phoenix" to "poenus", thus calling the emigres to Carthage "punic". In Hebrew it means "merchant", or "trafficer" -- "to bend the knee", "humiliate", "bring down low", or "vanquish". Genesis 10:18 said, "the families of the Canaanites (would be scattered, vanquished, or) spread abroad".
+:::[[Khushite-Shevaite Nation|Sheva]], Nation that settled north of Yemen in a fertile land known as the "Spice Kingdom" whence the queen brought oil of spikenard as a gift to king Solomon.
-[[Sevaite Nation|Seva]], Nation that settled the west coast of the Arabian Peninsula, founding the nation of the Sabaeans, nowadays called Yemen.
+:::[[Dedanite Nation|Dedan]], Nation that settled in the United Arab Emirates in the Persian Gulf.
-[[Chavilite Nation|Chavila]], Nation that settled on the eastern coast of northern Arabia near present-day Kuwait.
+:[[Mitzraite Nation|Mitzraim]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup E1b'''. Nation that settled in upper and lower Egypt in North Africa.
-[[Savtahite Nation|Savtah]], Nation that settled on the east coast of southern Arabia.
+::[[Mitzraite-Ludite Nation|Ludim]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup E1b1b1b'''. Nation that settled Lybia on the northern coast of Africa.
-[[Ra'amahite Nation|Ra'amah]], Nation that settled on the east coast of southern Arabia, possibly in present-day Oman.
+::[['Anamite Nation|'Anamim]], Nation that settled in the Nile Delta but as little is known of this tribe they may have been devastated by the Ethiopic War.
-[[Savtekhaite Nation|Savtekha]], Nation that settled in Yemen.
+::[[Lehavite Nation|Lehavim]], Nation perhaps this tribe was destroyed in the Ethiopic War.
-[[Khushite-Shevaite Nation|Sheva]], Nation that settled north of Yemen in a fertile land known as the "Spice Kingdom" whence the queen brought oil of spikenard as a gift to king Solomon.
+::[[Naftuchite Nation|Naftuchim]], Nation that settled in the Nile Delta and the western parts of Egypt. Early records refer to them as "they of the delta" or "marshland". Josephus says they were destroyed in the Ethiopic War.
-[[Dedanite Nation|Dedan]], Nation that settled in the United Arab Emirates in the Persian Gulf.
+::[[Pathrusite Nation|Pathrusim]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup E1b1b1a''' Nation that settled Pathros in upper Egypt. They mixed with the Casluhim to produce [[Caphtorim]] and [[Philistines Nation|Palestinians]].
-[[Mitzraite-Ludite Nation|Ludim]], Nation that settled Lybia on the northern coast of Africa.
+::[[Kasluchite Nation|Kasluchim]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup E1b1b1''', They are the Colchihans of the Egyptian town Chemnis, Panoplis, Nation settled in northern Egypt. They mixed with the Pathrusim to produce [[Caphtorim]] and [[Philistines Nation|Palestinians]].
-[['Anamite Nation|'Anamim]], Nation that settled in the Nile Delta but as little is known of this tribe they may have been devastated by the Ethiopic War.
+:::[[Philistines Nation|Philistim]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup E1b1b1a'''. These are the [[Avvim]] who migrated to and occupied the lower part of the Mediterranean coast belonging to Canaan.
-[[Lehavite Nation|Lehavim]], Nation that settled in Libya but perhaps this tribe was destroyed in the Ethiopic War.
+::[[Kaftorite Nation|Caphtorim]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup E-M34'''. They also migrated to the lower part of the Mediterranean coast belonging to Shem and are the [[Philistines Nation|Palestinians]]. The Greco-Roman ancestors which they deified in their pantheons were mainly [[Caphtorim]]. They are also referred to by some ancient Egyptian Heiroglyphic inscriptions as the Shemau.
-[[Naftuchite Nation|Naftuchim]], Nation that settled in the Nile Delta and the western parts of Egypt. Early records refer to them as "they of the delta" or "marshland". Josephus says they were destroyed in the Ethiopic War.
+:[[Putite Nation|Put]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup E1a'''. Nation that settled [[Libya]] and are the Cyrenaeans and North Africans, possibly also connected to the Olmecs.
-[[Pathrusite Nation|Pathrusim]], Nation that settled Pathros in upper Egypt.
+:[[Canaanite Nation|Canaan]] '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup D''' once settled in the land of Canaan but has long since been wiped out in the west. The Hamitic origin of his name means, "belonging to the land of red purple" after the murex sea shells from which this dye was extracted. In Akkadian it meant "red-colored wool". The Greeks renamed them "[[phoenicians]]" from the Greek "Phoniki" which means dark red. The Romans transcribed the Greek "phoenix" to "poenus", thus calling the emigres to Carthage "punic". In Hebrew it means "merchant", or "trafficer" -- "to bend the knee", "humiliate", "bring down low", or "vanquish". Genesis 10:18 said, "the families of the Canaanites (would be scattered, vanquished, or) spread abroad".
-[[Kasluchite Nation|Kasluchim]], They are the Colchihans of the Egyptian town Chemnis, Panoplis, Nation settled in northern Egypt.
+Canaan '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup D''' receives his first Biblical definition in the Table of Nations as the father of Sidon and Heth, of the Jebusites, Amorites, Girgasites, Hivites, Arkites, Sinites, Arvadites, Zemarites, and Hamathites. The five names following Sidon are familiar as the inhabitants of the "Promised Land" (Exodus 13:5). They occupied the area enclosed by the border of Genesis 10:19, running south from Sidon towards Gaza, through Gerar and across to the cities of the Dead Sea plain. No eastern limit is drawn. At the time of the conquest, the land as a whole was named Canaan (Numbers 35:10), a usage understandable in light of Canaan's place at the head of the peoples of Genesis 10:15-19.
-[[Philistines Nation|Philistines]], These are the Philistines who migrated to and occupied the lower part of the Mediterranean coast belonging to Shem.
+A sizeable number of peoples generally classified as Mongoloid, who settled the Far East are descendants of the Canaanites, including some peoples of the Islands of the Southern Seas, some central Asians like the Tibetans and most of the Ainu.
-[[Kaftorite Nation|Kaftorim]], They also migrated to the lower part of the Mediterranean coast belonging to Shem and are the Philistines.
+Those of the Canaanite nations which are *not* counted among the seventy are as follow. [[Chethite Nation|Cheth]], known to the Assyrians as the Khatti. Their name was perpetuated in the Hittite capital Hattushash; modern Boghazkoy in Turkey. Hattians in Cuneiform appears as Khittae, representing a once powerful nation. They were completely obliterated and are not counted among the 72 nations. [[Yevusite Nation|Yevusite]], Nation that settled around Jerusalem. They were completely obliterated and are not counted among the 72 nations. [[Amorite Nation|Amorite]], Nation that settled east of Canaan by the Dead Sea and the Jordan (Joshua 24:11). They were completely obliterated and are not counted among the 72 nations. They were to conquer Babylonia, subsequently producing one of the most famous kings in the ancient world, Hammui, whose own name contains the designation Amarru. God told Abraham, "Israel will return to Canaan when the iniquity of the Amorites is come to the full" (Exodus 15:16). [[Girgashite Nation|Girgashite]], Nation that lived east of the river Jordan and the Sea of Galilee. [[Chivite Nation|Chivite]], Nation that dwelt at the base of Mount Hermon in the Valleys of Lebanon, and at Shechem (Genesis 34:2; Joshua 9:7-17; 11:19).
-Canaan receives his first Biblical definition in the Table of Nations as the father of Sidon and Heth, of the Jebusites, Amorites, Girgasites, Hivites, Arkites, Sinites, Arvadites, Zemarites, and Hamathites. The five names following Sidon are familiar as the inhabitants of the "Promised Land" (Exodus 13:5). They occupied the area enclosed by the border of Genesis 10:19, running south from Sidon towards Gaza, through Gerar and across to the cities of the Dead Sea plain. No eastern limit is drawn. At the time of the conquest, the land as a whole was named Canaan (Numbers 35:10), a usage understandable in light of Canaan's place at the head of the peoples of Genesis 10:15-19.
+The sons of Canaan which are counted among the seventy are as follow.
-The vast aggregate of peoples generally classified as Mongoloid, who settled the Far East are descendants of the Canaanites, including the people of the South Sea Islands, Eskimos and most of the native Indian tribes of North and South America.
+::[[Sidonite Nation|Sidon]], '''Y-Haplogroup D1''' Nation that settled on the Mediterranean coast north of [[Tyre]].
-[[Sidonite Nation|Sidon]], Nation that settled on the Mediterranean coast north of Tyre.
+::[['Arkite Nation|'Arkite]], '''Y-Haplogroup D3''' Nation that dwelt near Mount Lebanon.
-[[Chethite Nation|Cheth]], Nation that became the Hittite nation, whose name was known to the Assyrians as the Khatti. The Hittites were apparently the first nation to smelt iron. The Armarna tablets contain letters that were sent from the Hittite emperor Subbiluliuma to the Pharoah Amenhotep IV. Rameses II also tells us how he engaged the Hittites in what was the earliest recorded battle involving massed chariots. This was the famous battle of Kadesh, and it appears that the Hittites got the better of the Egyptian forces. Heth's name was perpetuated in the Hittite capital Hattushash; modern Boghazkoy in Turkey. Rome's ancient rival, Carthage, was colonized through Canaan's sons Sidon and Heth.
+::[[Arvadite Nation|Arvadite]], '''Y-Haplogroup D*''' Nation that settled on the Phoenician Island of Arad off the coast of Lebanon near Tripoli.
-[[Yevusite Nation|Yevusite]], Nation that settled around Jerusalem.
+::[[Tzemarite Nation|Tzemarite]], '''Y-Haplogroup D*''' Nation that settled the coast adjacent to the Arvadites
-[[Amorite Nation|Amorite]], Nation that settled east of Canaan by the Dead Sea and the Jordan (Joshua 24:11). They were to conquer Babylonia, subsequently producing one of the most famous kings in the ancient world, Hammui, whose own name contains the designation Amarru. God told Abraham, "Israel will return to Canaan when the iniquity of the Amorites is come to the full" (Exodus 15:16).
+::[[Chamathite Nation|Chamathite]], '''Y-Haplogroup D2''' Nation that settled in Hamath, the chief city of upper Syria on the Orontes river.
-[[Girgashite Nation|Girgashite]], Nation that lived east of the river Jordan and the Sea of Galilee.
+::[[Sinite Nation|Sinite]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup D1''' Nation that dwelt on the coast, west of Mount Lebanon. Sinites are the progenitors of the Sinitic people.
-[[Chivite Nation|Chivite]], Nation that dwelt at the base of Mount Hermon in the Valleys of Lebanon, and at Shechem (Genesis 34:2; Joshua 9:7-17; 11:19).
+"Sin", a cousin of Hattians, has many occurrences in variant forms in the Far East and '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup D'''. The place most closely associated by the Chinese themselves with the origin of their civilization is the capital of Shensi, namely, Siang-fu or "Father Sin", on the Wei, a tributory of the Yellow River, near important gold and jade mines.
-[['Arkite Nation|'Arkite]], Nation that dwelt near Mount Lebanon.
+Moreover, those who came from the Far East to trade with the Scythians were called Sinae (Sin). Ptolemy, a Greek astronomer, referred to China as the land of Sinim or Sin. Reference to the Sinim in Isaiah 49:12 notes they came "from afar," Arabs called China Sin, Chin, Mahachin, or Machin. The Sin were spoken of as a people in the remotest parts of Asia. Their most important town was Thin, a great trading emporium in western China. This city is now known as Thsin or simply Tin, and it lies in the province of Shensi. The Sin became independent in Western China, their princes reigning there for some 650 years before they finally gained dominion over the whole land. In the third century B.C., the dynasty of Tsin became supreme. In 217 B.C., Prince Cheng, founder of the Ch'in Dynasty (from which the name "China" is taken) unified China and took the title of Shih Hwang-ti (First Emperor). Shih Hwang-ti built much of the Great Wall of China, and a network of roads and canals that converged on his capitol, near modern Sian, in Shensi province. It is known that his people who gave their name to China actually came from Tibet. After the end of his dynasty his people were exiled from China not back to where they came from but to the ancient islands of Japan a legend now backed up by genetic science which has discovered Human Y-chromosomal Haplogroup D present not only in Tibet but also in northern Japan. After the attacks of King Saul the Benjaminite, the Amorite origin Gibeonites who became the Nethinim also migrated to Tibet (where the Hindus called them "untouchables") to be with their cousins bringing the vestiges of Israelite religion to the Sinites, which is evidenced in the composition of certain Chinese pictograms as well as some holidays on the Chinese calendar, the Shinto concept of Kami and other practices preserved by Shinto priests.
-[[Sinite Nation|Sinite]], Nation that dwelt on the coast, west of Mount Lebanon.
+Sinites are not to be confused with the [[Kittite Nation|Cathay]] people of historical reference.
-Heth (Hittites) and Sin (Sinites) are the progenitors of Chinese and Mongoloid stock. "Hittite" in Cuneiform appears as Khittae, representing a once powerful nation from the Far East, preserved through the centuries in the more familiar Chinese term, Cathay. The Cathay were Mongoloids and considered a part of early Chinese stock.
+===Shem===
+'''[[Shemite Nation|Shemite]]''', literally means "renown". '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup F*'''. Islamic sources have always referred to Iran as the original land of Shem. His descendants have been prominent in the middle east from time immemorial but have since spread throughout the world.
-"Sin", a brother of Heth, has many occurrences in variant forms in the Far East. The place most closely associated by the Chinese themselves with the origin of their civilization is the capital of Shensi, namely, Siang-fu or "Father Sin", on the Wei, a tributory of the Yellow River, near important gold and jade mines.
+:[['Elamite Nation|'Elam]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup H'''. The nation that settled a province east of Babylon and northeast of the lower Tigris and just north of Persia. The Elamite language has been genetically related to that of the Dravidians.
-Moreover, those who came from the Far East to trade with the Scythians were called Sinae (Sin). Ptolemy, a Greek astronomer, referred to China as the land of Sinim or Sin. Reference to the Sinim in Isaiah 49:12 notes they came "from afar," Arabs called China Sin, Chin, Mahachin, or Machin. The Sin were spoken of as a people in the remotest parts of Asia. Their most important town was Thin, a great trading emporium in western China. This city is now known as Thsin or simply Tin, and it lies in the province of Shensi. The Sin became independent in Western China, their princes reigning there for some 650 years before they finally gained dominion over the whole land. In the third century B.C., the dynasty of Tsin became supreme. In 217 B.C., Prince Cheng, founder of the Ch'in Dynasty (from which the name "China" is taken) unified China and took the title of Shih Hwang-ti (First Emperor). Shih Hwang-ti built much of the Great Wall of China, and a network of roads and canals that converged on his capitol, near modern Sian, in Shensi province.
+:[[Asshurite Nation|Asshur]] '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup G''', is the same name as Asher. The nation that is ancestor to the Adiabene Assyrians or Northern Iraquis.
-With respect to the Cathay people of historical reference, it would make sense to suppose that the remnants of the Hittites, after the destruction of their empire, traveled towards the east and settled among the Sinites who were relatives, contributing to their civilization, and thus becoming the ancestors of many Asian people groups including the Khazar or Ashkenazim "Jews". Still others migrated throughout the region and beyond, making up the present-day Mongoloid races in Asia and the Americas. What the Chinese call "Hsiung-nu" are the Turko-Mogul nomad tribes we know as "Huns".
+:[[Ludite Nation|Lud]] '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup I'''. The nation that is the ancestor of the Lydians who settled in Asia Minor and spoke an Indo-European language.
-China is unique among the great civilizations in that at no time in its long history has it produced a strong, priestly group. Chinese attitudes towards religion are a mixture of superstition and practicality. They have never persecuted on religious grounds and there are few Chinese martyrs.
+:[[Aramite Nation|Aram]] '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup J'''. The nation that became the Aramaeans or Syrians and Lebanese. The origianl Arabs (it is still maintained), are those Semitic Arabs descended from Aram; whilst the Hamitic Arabs (whose languages Aram mostly adopted) are referred to somewhat derogatorily as Musta 'rabs, that is, pretended Arabs.
-[[Arvadite Nation|Arvadite]], Nation that settled on the Phoenician Island of Arad off the coast of Lebanon near Tripoli.
+::[[Utzite Nation|Utz]], Nation that settled in Northern Arabia, between Babylonia and Edom
-[[Tzemarite Nation|Tzemarite]], Nation that settled the coast adjacent to the Arvadites
+:[[Arpakhshadite Nation|Arpakhshad]], '''Y-chromosomal Haplogroup K'''. The nation that was the ancestor of the Chaldeans of Southern Iraq, Hebrews, Arabians, Amorites, and the Moabites/Jordanians.
-[[Chamathite Nation|Chamathite]], Nation that settled in Hamath, the chief city of upper Syria on the Orontes river.
+::[[Everite Nation|Ever]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_L_(Y-DNA) Y-chromosomal Haplogroup L], means "emigrants" or "to vanish to the region beyond". Eber is the father of the Hebrews.
-[[Shemite Nation|Shemite]], literally means "renown". His descendants settled in Arabia.
+:::[[Pelegite Nation|Peleg]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_MNOPS_(Y-DNA) Y-chromosomal Haplogroup MNOPS] comes from the root word "palag", which means (literally or figuratively) "division" or to split. He was the fifth generation after the Flood when the earth was divided by tongues.
-[['Elamite Nation|'Elam]], Nation that settled a province east of Babylon and northeast of the lower Tigris and just north of Persia. He is the father of the Kurds and Iranians.
+:::[[Yoqtan Nation|Yoqtan]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_T_(Y-DNA) Y-chromosomal Haplogroup T]
-[[Asshurite Nation|Asshur]] is the same name as Asher. Nation that is ancestor to the Assyrians or Northern Iraquis.
+::::[[Almodadite Nation|Almodad]], Nation whose settlement cannot be precisely determined, perhaps Yemen.
-[[Arpakhshad Nation|Arpakhshad]], Nation that was the ancestor of the Chaldeans of Southern Iraq, Hebrews, Arabians, Amorites, and the Moabites/Jordanians.
+::::[[Shevaite Nation|Sheva]], Nation that became a Yemeni tribe of Arabs.
-[[Ludite Nation|Lud]], Nation that is the ancestor of the Lydians who settled in Asia Minor and spoke an Indo-European language.
+::::[[Chatzarmavethite Nation|Chatzarmaveth]], Nation on south-east Arabia.
-[[Aramite Nation|Aram]], Nation that became the Aramaeans or Syrians and Lebanese.
+::::[[Yerachite Nation|Yerach]], Nation on south-east Arabian coast.
-[[Utzite Nation|Utz]], Nation that settled in Northern Arabia, between Babylonia and Edom
+::::[[Hadoramite Nation|Hadoram]], Nation in southern Arabia.
-[[Everite Nation|Ever]], means "emigrants" or "to vanish to the region beyond". Eber is the father of the Hebrews.
+::::[[Uzalite Nation|Uzal]], Nation that dwelt in Yemen.
-[[Pelegite Nation|Peleg]], comes from the root word "palag", which means (literally or figuratively) "division" or to split. He was the fifth generation after the Flood when the earth was divided by tongues.
+::::[[Diqlahite Nation|Diqlah]], Nation on that settled in the north-eastern extremity of the Arabian peninsula.
-[[Yoqtan Nation|Yoqtan]], Only the purest Arabs (it is still maintained), are those Semitic Arabs descended from Joktan; whilst the Hamitic Arabs are referred to somewhat disdainfully as Musta 'rabs, that is, pretended Arabs.
+::::[[Ovalite Nation|Oval]], Nation that became a Yemeni tribe.
-[[Almodadite Nation|Almodad]], Nation whose settlement cannot be precisely determined, perhaps Yemen.
+::::[[Avimaelite Nation|Avimael]], Nation that became a Yemeni tribe.
-[[Shevaite Nation|Sheva]], Nation that became a Yemeni tribe of Arabs.
+::::[[Shevaite Nation|Sheva]], Nation that became a Yemeni tribe.
-[[Chatzarmavethite Nation|Chatzarmaveth]], Nation on south-east Arabia.
+::::[[Ofirite Nation|Ofir]], Nation on the coast of south-west Arabia.
-[[Yerachite Nation|Yerach]], Nation on south-east Arabian coast.
+::::[[Chavilahite Nation|Chavilah]], Nation on the eastern shore of the gulf of Aquaba.
-[[Hadoramite Nation|Hadoram]], Nation in southern Arabia.
+::::[[Yovavite Nation|Yovav]], Nation close by present-day Mecca.
-[Uzalite Nation|Uzal]], Nation that dwelt in Yemen.
-[[Diqlahite Nation|Diqlah]], Nation on that settled in the north-eastern extremity of the Arabian peninsula.
-[[Ovalite Nation|Oval]], Nation that became a Yemeni tribe.
-[[Avimaelite Nation|Avimael]], Nation that became a Yemeni tribe.
-[[Shevaite Nation|Sheva]], Nation that became a Yemeni tribe.
-[[Ofirite Nation|Ofir]], Nation on the coast of south-west Arabia.
-[[Chavilahite Nation|Chavilah]], Nation on the eastern shore of the gulf of Aquaba.
-[[Yovavite Nation|Yovav]], Nation close by present-day Mecca.
 ==Conclusion==
-There have been many attempts to trace the tradition biblical nations to modern day ethnic groups.  It is most likely that a credible lineage is no longer possible to achieve and that it may not be all that important.  As we will see further in Jewish literature the "seventy nations" are archetypes for distinct approaches to understanding, sometimes called "seventy paths" to G-d.  That being said, we must not loose site of the connection to region, land, peoplehood, ethnicity and nationality for the purposes of determining legal jurisdiction.
+There have been many attempts to trace the traditional biblical nations to modern day ethnic groups some of which have been proven by genetic science while others are clearly in contradiction with the evidence. Nevertheless, as we will see further in Jewish literature, the "seventy nations" are archetypes for distinct approaches to understanding, sometimes called "seventy paths" to G-d.  That being said, we must not lose sight of the connection to region, land, peoplehood, ethnicity and nationality for the purposes of determining legal jurisdiction.