The tenth century [[Shmuel ben Hophni Gaon]] lists thirty Noahide Commandments based on Ulla's Talmudic statement, though the text is problematic. He includes the prohibitions against suicide and false oaths, as well as the imperatives related to prayer, sacrifices and honoring one's parents. The commandments, according to Shmuel ben Hophni Gaon, cover:
=== Prohibition against idolatry===* No [[Idolatryidolatry]]** No idolatry** To pray ** To offer ritual sacrifices only to God* [[Blasphemy]]*=== Prohibition against blasphemy===* To believe in the singularity of God, see, [[Monotheism]]** No [[blasphemy]]** No [[witchcraft]] ** No [[Haruspex|soothsayers]]** No [[Conjuration|conjurers]]** No sorcerers ** No [[Medium (spirituality)|mediums]] ** No [[demonology]] ** No [[WizardMagic (paranormal)|wizardry]]** No [[necromancy]] ** To respect father & mother ===Prohibition against murder===* No [[Murdermurder]]** No murder** No suicide ** No [[Moloch]] worship (infant sacrifice)* Property*===Prohibition against Theft===* No stealing* Sexual Immorality*===Prohibition against sexual immorality===* No [[adultery]] ** Formal legal [[marriage]]s ** No [[incest]] with close relatives** No [[homosexuality|male to malesodomy]] (i.e. [[anal sexhomosexuality]])** No [[Zoophilia|bestiality]] ** Not to [[Crossbreeding|crossbreed animals]] ** No [[castration]] * Food Laws*===Prohibition against Eating the limb of a living animal===* Not to eat a limb of a living creature ** Not to eat or drink blood ** Not to eat [[carrion (biology)|carrion]] (for those recognised by a [[Beth Din]]) * ===Establish Courts of Justice===** To establish courts and a system of justice** No false oaths
The contemporary Rabbi Aaron Lichtenstein counts 66 instructions but Rabbi Harvey Falk has suggested that much work remains to be done in order to properly identify all of the Noahide Commandments, their divisions and subdivisions.
Theft, robbery and stealing covers the appropriate understanding of other persons, their property and their rights. The establishment of courts of justice promotes the value of the responsibility of a corporate society of people to enforce these laws and define these terms. The refusal to engage in unnecessary lust or cruelty demonstrates respect for the [[Creation (theology)|Creation]] itself as renewed after the Flood. To not do [[Murder|murder]] would include [[human sacrifice]].
