'''Shittuf''', is the basis of Theosebeia and Sabiah the religions of the multi-denominational late antique noahite Theosebes and Sabis. It is usually understood to mean belief in God in the name of a mediator. However, Harvey Falk identifies it as belief in God along with an additional deity.
:"[[R. Tam]]'s view that ''Shittuf'' (belief in God the Father, along with an additional deity) is permitted to Gentiles was accepted by the Halakhist [[R. Moses Isserles]] (''Rema. Orah Hayyim'' 156:1) and later authorities as well. -It is difficult to ascertain Maimonides' view on this subject as a passage relating to it has heen altered in various editions (''Yad, Ma'akhalot Asurot'' 11:7). The ''Talmudic Encyclopedia'' also omits reference to Maimonides on this issue (see ''Ben Noah'', 1981 edition, 3:350)."<ref>page 34 of the Wipf and Stock Publisher's edition of New York Orthodox Rabbi [[Harvey Falk]]'s book "Jesus the Pharisee: A new look at the Jewishness of Jesus" (copyright 1985 Paulist Press)</ref>