'''Shittuf''', is the religion basis of Theosebeia and Sabiah the theosebes, religions of the Theosebes and Sabis. It is usually understood to mean belief in God in the name of a mediator. However, Harvey Falk identifies it as belief in God along with an additional deity.
:"[[R. Tam]]'s view that ''Shittuf'' (belief in God the Father, along with an additional deity) is permitted to Gentiles was accepted by the Halakhist [[R. Moses Isserles]] (''Rema. Orah Hayyim'' 156:1) and later authorities as well. -It is difficult to ascertain Maimonides' view on this subject as a passage relating to it has heen altered in various editions (''Yad, Ma'akhalot Asurot'' 11:7). The ''Talmudic Encyclopedia'' also omits reference to Maimonides on this issue (see ''Ben Noah'', 1981 edition, 3:350)."<ref>page 34 of the Wipf and Stock Publisher's edition of New York Orthodox Rabbi [[Harvey Falk]]'s book "Jesus the Pharisee: A new look at the Jewishness of Jesus" (copyright 1985 Paulist Press)</ref>
Though apparently considered by Jewish authorities in Late Antiquity to be acceptable among non Jews in Late Antiquitylike the Theosebes and Sabis, by the time of Maimonides its sabi Sabi practitioners were apparently regarded as pagan, plain and simple. This might be because early practitioners praying in the name of one being called Sabiah Hunafa by Arabic commentators while the later practitioners prayed in the name of many and were known as the Sabiah Mushrikun by the same commentators.