The Talmud states: "Righteous people of all nations have a share in the world to come" ([[Sanhedrin 105a]]). {{merge|Seven laws}}
[[Maimonides]] says any nonThe word Mesani or Mathaani is translated as meaning "oft-repeated-Jew who accepts the seven commandments lines" or oral tradition and is careful the way to perform them – this person is refer to the laws of Noah among the ''[[Chasidei Umos HaOlamHagarene religions]]'', and has a portion in . The Hagarene word "mesani" probably derived from the the world to come. They accept these seven commandments and performs them because they were commanded by G-d in ancient times, as revealed to us by Moshe RabbenuHebrew word "mishna" (repetition).
However==Methaani and [[The Repertoire]]==[[Image:Petrine Cross.jpg|right]]Two verses in Qur'an refer to Al mesani / Al mesaniy: 15:87 and 39.23. Qur'an 39:23 makes it clear that there is a mesani / mesaniy and Qur'an, if and they are separate::39.23 Allah has revealed (from time to time) the most beautiful Message in the non-Jew keeps these laws because form of intellectual decision – he is not called a Book, consistent with itself, (yet) ''[[Ger Toshav]]'repeating (its teaching in various aspects)''' : the skins of those who fear their Lord tremble thereat; then their skins and their hearts do soften to the celebration of Allah's praises. Such is not the guidance of Allah: He guides therewith whom He pleases, but such as Allah leaves to stray, can have none to guide.The main text makes it clear that something, a book or a text called mesaniy / mesani were given to Mohamed (pbuh).:15.87 And We have bestowed upon thee the ''[[Chasidei Umos HaOlam]]'Seven Oft-repeated (verses)''' and the Grand Qur'an.Which implies that there were seven laws before the giving of the Qur'an. He Sabians accept the Quran as an expansion or commentary on the seven mathaani which they specifically identify as the noahide oral tradition with some slight differences. For sabians the word alislam is only one of their [[Chochmei Umos HaOlam|wise men]]but the description given to Noahide HaLakhah or Din expanded from the oral tradition (Mathaani).<ref>[[MaimonidesIt is generally accepted that ''saban minel masani'' (Seven from the Oft-repeated verses) and ''quranel azim'' (the Grand Reading/Qur' Law an) must be two different things because they are separated with conjunction waw. However many Islamic scholars are at a loss to defined what the Mesani is. The proposal that they are the seven laws of Noahides#Laws of Kings Noah has been found acceptable by certain muslims who have studied the issue and their Wars, Chapter 8|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 8:11]]</ref>not found to be theologically problematic.
==The Seven Laws==The very first time in In the Bible that the verb Qur''tsavah'' (צָוָה, “to command”) appears an Noah is in the verse "And the L-rd G-d commanded the man saying, of every tree of portrayed as a great prophet teaching against idolatry even before the garden you may freely eat" (Genesis 2:16)flood. Rabbinic tradition understands this first commandment to ''Adam HaRishon'' as including the entire Noahide Law:<ref>[[Sanhedrin 56a-b|Sanhedrin 56]]http://www. This is according to Rabbi Johananusc. Rabbi Isaac reverses the first and third versesedu/dept/MSA/quran/071.</ref># ''And [He] commanded'', refers to '''legal system''', and thus it is written, For I know him, that he will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the Lord, to do justice and judgmentqmt.# ''The L-rd'' — is [a prohibition against] '''blasphemy''', and thus it is written, and he that blasphemeth the name html Translations of the Lord, he shall surely be put to death.# ''G-dQur'' — is [an injunction against, Chapter 71: NOOH] '''idolatry''', and thus it is written, Thou shalt have no other gods before Me.# ''The man'' — refers to '''homicide''', and thus it is written, Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed.# ''Saying'' — refers to '''sexual immorality''', and thus it is written, They say, If a man put away his wife, and she go from him, and became another man's.# ''Of every tree of the garden'' — but not of '''theft'''.# ''Thou mayest freely eat'' — but not '''limb of a living creature'''.</ref>
The seven laws listed by the Talmud are<ref>[[Sanhedrin 56a===Qur'an 17:22-b|Sanhedrin 56]]</ref>36===# [[Imperative Qur'an 17:22 Take not with Allah another object of Legal System]]worship; or thou (O man!) wilt sit in disgrace and destitution. # Qur'an 17: - An imperative 23 Thy Lord hath decreed that ye worship none but Him, and that ye be kind to pursue social justiceparents. Whether one or both of them attain old age in thy life, and say not to them a prohibition word of any miscarriage contempt, nor repel them, but address them in terms of justicehonour.# [[Prohibition of Blasphemy]]Qur'an 17:32 Nor come nigh to adultery: - Prohibits for it is a curse directed at shameful (deed) and an evil, opening the Supreme Beingroad (to other evils).# [[Prohibition of Idolatry]]Qur'an 17: 33 Nor take life - Prohibits which Allah has made sacred - except for just cause. And if anyone is slain wrongfully, we have given his heir authority (to demand qisas or to forgive): but let him not exceed bounds in the worship matter of idols and planetstaking life; for he is helped (by the Law).# [[Prohibition Qur'an 17:34 Come not nigh to the orphan's property except to improve it, until he attains the age of Homicide]]: - Prohibits murder full strength; and suicidefulfil (every) engagement, for (every) engagement will be enquired into (on the Day of Reckoning).# [[Prohibition of Sexual Immorality]]Qur'an 17: - Prohibits adultery, incest, homosexuality35 Give full measure when ye measure, and bestialityweigh with a balance that is straight: that is the most fitting and the most advantageous in the final determination.# [[Prohibition Qur'an 17:36 And pursue not that of Theft]]: - Prohibits the wrongful taking which thou hast no knowledge; for every act of another's goods.# [[Prohibition hearing, or of Limb seeing or of a Living Creature]]: - Prohibits (feeling in) the eating of animal parts which were severed from a living animal heart will be enquired into (traditionally interpreted as a prohibition on the Day of cruelty towards animalsReckoning).
Maimonides list them in this order (the order most commonly used)<ref>[[Maimonides===Qur' Law of Noahides#Laws of Kings an 17:22-36 and their Warsthe "Ten Commandments"===It is interesting if these verse correspond to the "Ten Commandments", Chapter 9|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 9only seven of them appear:1]]</ref># [[Prohibition of Idolatry]]# [[Prohibition of Blasphemy]]# [[Prohibition of Homicide]]# [[Prohibition of Sexual Immorality]]# [[Prohibition of Theft]]# [[Prohibition of Limb of a Living Creature]]# [[Imperative of Legal System]]
Most modern Noahide literature follows this ordering, mostly due to A possible connection between the work of [[Chabad Lubavitch]], which sees in Qur'an 17:22-36 and the list a correspondence to the seven [[Sefiros]] (For example "Legal SystemTen Commandments" is a translation of the hebrew word might be:# Qur'an 17:22, 23 You shall have no other Gods before me (1st commandment) # Qur'Diniman 17:23 Honour your father and your mother (5th commandment)# Qur'an 17:32 You shall not commit adultery (7th commandment)# Qur' which seems obviously connected to ''Malchus'an 17:33 You shall not kill (6th commandment)# Qur'an 17:34 You shall not covet your neighbor’s house, as in ''Dina DeMalchusa Dinayou shall not covet your neighbor’s wife.... manservant.... maidservant.... his ox.... his ass...anything that is your neighbor’s (10th commandment)# Qur'an 17:35 You shall not steal (8th commandment)# Qur'an 17:36 You shall not bear false witness against thy neighbor (9th commandment).<ref>cf. "The Seven Colors of the Rainbow" by Rabbi Yirmeyahu Bindman, chapter 6</ref>
==Rabbinical Source==The second, third and fourth commandments (You shall not make unto thee any graven image or likeness of any thing. You shall not take the name of the L-rd your G-d in vain. Remember the Sabbath day) were left out perhaps as not being applicable to Islam, being particular to Judaism. The key may be in Qur'an 15:87 “..We have given you seven (sections) of mesaniy and this great Qur'an..” Perhaps these seven were derived by Qur'an from Noahide law instead.
The Seven Laws are laws which were binding upon mankind at large even before the revelation at Sinai, and which are still binding upon non-Jews. The term Noachide indicates the universality of these ordinances, since according to Jewish tradition the whole human race is descended from the three sons of Noah, who alone survived the Flood. Although one would think that only those laws which are found in the earlier chapters of the Torah, before the record of the revelation at Sinai, should be binding upon all mankind, yet the Rabbis discarded some and, by hermeneutic rules or in accordance with some tradition <ref>see Judah ha-Levi, "Cuzari," 3===Qur'an 17:73</ref>, introduced others which are not found there. Basing their views on the passage in Genesis 2:16, they declared that the following six commandments were enjoined upon Adam: (1) not to worship idols; (2) not to blaspheme the name of G22-d; (3) to establish courts of justice; (4) not to kill; (5) not to commit adultery; 36 and (6) not to rob<ref>Genesus Rabbah 16:9, 24:5; Shir HaShirim Rabbah 1:16; compare with Seder 'Olam Rabbah, ed. Ratner, chapter 5, and notes, Wilna, 1897; Maimonides, Mishneh Torah, Melachim, 9:1</ref>. A seventh commandment was added after the Flood—not to eat flesh that had been cut from a living animal (Genesis 9:4). Thus,the Talmud frequently speaks of "the seven laws of the sons of Noah," which were regarded as obligatory upon all mankind, in contradistinction to those that were binding upon Israelites only.<ref>Tosefos, 'Avodah Zarah, 9:4; [[Sanhedrin 56a-b|Sanhedrin 56a]] et seq.</ref>Noahide law===
While many clarifications to these laws were proposed by some of the tannaim — e.g., A possible connection between the prohibitions against eating the blood of a living animal, against the emasculation of animals, against sorcery, against pairing animals of different species, and against grafting trees of different kinds<ref>[[Sanhedrin 56a-b|Sanhedrin 56b]]</ref> — so that in one place thirty Noachian laws are mentioned,<ref>Hullin 92a; compare Yerushalmi Qur'Avodah Zarah 2:1</ref>, the prevalent opinion in the Talmud is that there are only seven laws which are binding upon all mankind. In another baraita<ref>Tanna debe Menasseh</ref> the seven Noachian prohibitions are enumerated as applying to the followingan 17: (1) idolatry, (2) adultery, (3) murder, (4) robbery, (5) eating of a limb cut from a living animal, (6) the emasculation of animals, (7) the pairing of animals of different species<ref>[[Sanhedrin 56a22-b|Sanhedrin 56b]]</ref>.==Laws Before Sinai==With regard to the other laws which are mentioned in the Book of Genesis 36 and which were not included among the Noachian laws, as, for instance, circumcision and the prohibition against eating of the "sinew that shrank," the Rabbis laid down the following principle: "Every Noahide law that was enjoined upon the Noachide and was repeated at Sinai is meant to apply both to Israelites and to non-Israelites; laws that were enjoined upon the Noachide and were not repeated at Sinai apply to Israelites only".<ref>[[Sanhedrin 59a]]; R. Jose ben H.anina; comp. Bacher, might be in chapter "Ag. Pal. Amor.Nooh" i. 430 and note</ref> By this principle a number of the pre-Sinaitic laws were excluded from the Noachian laws, although it required a great deal of speculative reasoning to make this principle apply to all cases.<ref>[[Sanhedrin 59b]]</ref>In the elaboration of these seven Noachian laws, and in assigning punishments for their transgression, the Rabbis are sometimes more lenient and sometimes more rigorous with Noachide than with Israelites. With but a few exceptions, the punishment meted out to a Noachide for the transgression of any of the seven laws is decapitation, the least painful of the four modes of execution of criminals (see [[Capital Punishment]]Noah). The many formalities of procedure essential when the accused is :# Qur'an Israelite need not be observed in the case of the Noachide. The latter may be convicted on the testimony of one witness, even on that of relatives, but not on that of a woman. He need have had no warning (''hatra'ah'') from the witnesses; and a single judge may pass sentence on him .<ref>17:22 — [[Sanhedrin 57aProhibition of Idolatry]], [[Sanhedrin 57b]]; [[Maimonides' Law of Noahides#Laws of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 9|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 9:14]]</ref> With regard to idolatry, he can be found guilty only if he worshiped an idol in the regular form in which that particular deity is usually worshiped; while in the case of blasphemy he may be found guilty, even when he has blasphemed with one of the attributes of G-d1# Qur's name—an action which, if committed by an Israelite, would not be regarded as criminal.<ref>[[Sanhedrin 56a-b|Sanhedrin 56b]]; see 17:23 — [[Prohibition of Blasphemy]])</ref>#2 ==Procedure==The Noachide are required to establish courts of justice in every city and province; and these courts are to judge the people with regard to the six laws and to warn them against the transgression of any of them.<ref>ib.; [[Maimonides' Law of Noahides#Laws of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 9|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 9:14,10"11]]; comp. Nachmanides on Gen. xxxiv. 13, where the opinion is expressed that these courts should judge also cases other than those coming under the head of the six laws, as, for example, larceny, assault and battery, etc.</ref> In the case of murder, if the Noachide slay a child in its mother's womb, or kill a person whose life is despaired of (''terefah'Qur'), or if he cause the death of a person by starving him or by putting him before a lion so that he can not escape, or if he slay a man in self-defense, the Noachide is guilty of murder and must pay the death-penalty, although under the same circumstances an Israelite would not be executed<ref>17:32 — [[Sanhedrin 57bProhibition of Sexual Immorality]]; [[Maimonides' Law of Noahides#Laws of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 9|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 9:4]]; comp. "Kesef Mishneh," ad loc.</ref>Only six cases of what would ordinarily be illicit connection are forbidden to the Noachide: (1) with mother; (2) with father# Qur's wife, even after the father's death; (3) with a married woman, whether married to a Jew or to a non-Jew; (4) with sister by the same mother; (5) pederasty; (6) bestiality. In these cases also there are differences in the punishment inflicted, dependent upon whether the offenses are committed by a Noachide or by an Israelite.<ref>see 17:33 — [[Maimonides' Law of Noahides#Laws Prohibition of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 9|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 9:5-8Homicide]]</ref> The Noachide is punished with decapitation for all kinds of robbery, whether from a Jew or from a non-Jew, even though the article stolen is worth less than a '#3# Qur'perutah'' (the smallest Palestinian coin, for less than which no case can be instituted against an Israelite). The Noachide is executed also if he eat of a limb cut from a living animal, even though the quantity consumed be less than the size of an olive (the minimum portion for the eating of which an Israelite may be punished.<ref>17:34 — [[Maimonides' Law of Noahides#Laws Prohibition of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 9|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 9:9-13Theft]]</ref>#5 ==Special Exceptions==The Noachide is free from punishment if he commits a sin unwittingly; ignorance of the Law, however, does not excuse him. If he commits a sin under duress, even one for which # Qur'an Israelite is obliged to undergo martyrdom rather than transgress (e.g., idolatry, adultery, or murder), he is not liable to punishment <ref>Mak. 9a; Sanh. 74b; 17:35 — [[Maimonides' Law Imperative of Noahides#Laws of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 10|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 10:1,2]]; comp. "Lechem Mishneh" and "Kesef Mishneh," ad loc.</ref> A Noachide who slays another Noachide, or worships idols, or blasphemes, or has illicit connection with the wife of another Noachide, and then becomes a proselyte, is free from punishment. If, however, he has killed an Israelite, or has had illicit connection with the wife of an Israelite, and then becomes a proselyte, he must submit to the punishment that is inflicted upon an Israelite found guilty of such a transgression <ref>[[Sanhedrin 71bLegal System]]; [[Maimonides' Law of Noahides#Laws of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 10|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 10:4]]</ref>.7 A Noachide who wishes to observe any of the laws of the Torah is not prevented from doing so. With regard to the prohibition against a Noachide studying the Law or observing the Sabbath, see [[Gentile]] in Relation to Jews.He who observed the seven Noachian laws was regarded as a foreign resident<ref># Qur'Ab. Zarah 64b; see an 17:36 — [[Ger Toshav]]</ref>, as one of the pious Prohibition of the Gentiles, and was assured Limb of a portion in the world to come.<ref>Tosef., Sanh. xiii. 1; Sanh. 105a; comp. ib. 91b; [[Maimonides' Law of Noahides#Laws of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 8|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 8:11Living Creature]]</ref> In Talmudic times the non-Jews of Babylon were apparently sunk in the grossest immorality, so that 'Ula, one of the earlierBabylonian amoraim, complains that out of the thirty laws #6??? (see above) which although the Noachide accept they observe only three—they do not write a marriage contract (''ketubah'') for pederasty; they do not sell human flesh in their shops; and they show respect for last is specifically mentioned by the Torah.<ref>Hullin 92b</ref>In the Messianic age the Noachide will accept all the laws of the Torah, although later they will again reject them.<ref>Yer. Qur'Ab. Zarah ii. 1</ref>==Bibliography==* Hamburger, R. B. T. ii., s.v. Noachideenan 2:173;* Hirschfeld, Pflichten und Gesetze der Noachideen, in Kobak's Jeschurun, iv. 1-19;* Levinsohn, Zerubbabel, ii. 74-87, Warsaw, 1878;* Weber, System der Altsynag. Pala"st. Theologie, § 56, Leipsic, 1880;* Zweifel, Sanegor, pp. 269 et seq., Warsaw, 1894.S. J. H. G.==External Links==* [http5://torahweb.org/torah/2000/parsha/rros_noach2000.html Rabbi Michael Rosensweig - Shevah Mizvot Benei Noah vs. Brit Milah] Why is Noah associated with Noahide Laws?3)
==References==
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[[Category:Petrine Sabianism]]
[[Category:Sabian Religions]]
[[Category:Noahide Islamic Religion]]
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