The Talmud states: word Mesani or Mathaani is translated as meaning "Righteous people oft-repeated-lines" or oral tradition and is the way to refer to the laws of all nations have a share in Noah among the world to come" ([[Sanhedrin 105aHagarene religions]]. The Hagarene word "mesani" probably derived from the the Hebrew word "mishna" (repetition).
==Methaani and [[MaimonidesThe Repertoire]] says any non-Jew who accepts the seven commandments and is careful to perform them – this person is of the ''==[[Chasidei Umos HaOlamImage:Petrine Cross.jpg|right]]Two verses in Qur'an refer to Al mesani / Al mesaniy: 15:87 and 39.23. Qur'an 39:23 makes it clear that there is a mesani / mesaniy and Qur'an, and they are separate::39.23 Allah has revealed (from time to time) the most beautiful Message in the form of a portion Book, consistent with itself, (yet) '''repeating (its teaching in various aspects)''': the skins of those who fear their Lord tremble thereat; then their skins and their hearts do soften to the celebration of Allah's praises. Such is the world guidance of Allah: He guides therewith whom He pleases, but such as Allah leaves to stray, can have none to guide.The main text makes it clear that something, a book or a text called mesaniy / mesani were given to comeMohamed (pbuh).:15. They 87 And We have bestowed upon thee the '''Seven Oft-repeated (verses)''' and the Grand Qur'an.Which implies that there were seven laws before the giving of the Qur'an. Sabians accept these the Quran as an expansion or commentary on the seven commandments mathaani which they specifically identify as the noahide oral tradition with some slight differences. For sabians the word alislam is but the description given to Noahide HaLakhah or Din expanded from the oral tradition (Mathaani). It is generally accepted that ''saban minel masani'' (Seven from the Oft-repeated verses) and performs them ''quranel azim'' (the Grand Reading/Qur'an) must be two different things because they were commanded are separated with conjunction waw. However many Islamic scholars are at a loss to defined what the Mesani is. The proposal that they are the seven laws of Noah has been found acceptable by G-d in ancient times, as revealed certain muslims who have studied the issue and not found to us by Moshe Rabbenube theologically problematic.
However, if In the non-Jew keeps these laws because of intellectual decision – he Qur'an Noah is not called portrayed as a ''[[Ger Toshav]]'' and is not of great prophet teaching against idolatry even before the ''[[Chasidei Umos HaOlam]]''. He is only one of their [[Chochmei Umos HaOlam|wise men]]flood.<ref>[[Maimonideshttp://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/quran/071.qmt.html Translations of the Qur' Law of Noahides#Laws of Kings and their Warsan, Chapter 8|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 871:11]NOOH]</ref>
==The Seven Laws=Qur'an 17:22-36===The very first time in the Bible that the verb ''tsavah'# Qur' an 17:22 Take not with Allah another object of worship; or thou (צָוָה, “to command”O man!) appears is wilt sit in the verse "And the L-rd G-d commanded the man saying, of every tree of the garden you may freely eat" (Genesis 2:16). Rabbinic tradition understands this first commandment to ''Adam HaRishon'' as including the entire Noahide Law:<ref>[[Sanhedrin 56a-b|Sanhedrin 56]]. This is according to Rabbi Johanan. Rabbi Isaac reverses the first disgrace and third versesdestitution.</ref># Qur''And [He] commanded''an 17:23 Thy Lord hath decreed that ye worship none but Him, refers and that ye be kind to '''legal system'''parents. Whether one or both of them attain old age in thy life, and thus it is writtensay not to them a word of contempt, For I know himnor repel them, that he will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way but address them in terms of the Lord, to do justice and judgmenthonour.# Qur''The L-rd'' — an 17:32 Nor come nigh to adultery: for it is [a prohibition against] '''blasphemy''', shameful (deed) and thus it is writtenan evil, and he that blasphemeth opening the name of the Lord, he shall surely be put road (to deathother evils).# Qur''Gan 17:33 Nor take life - which Allah has made sacred -d'' — except for just cause. And if anyone is [an injunction against] '''idolatry'''slain wrongfully, and thus it we have given his heir authority (to demand qisas or to forgive): but let him not exceed bounds in the matter of taking life; for he is written, Thou shalt have no other gods before Mehelped (by the Law).# Qur'an 17:34 Come not nigh to the orphan'The man'' — refers s property except to '''homicide'''improve it, until he attains the age of full strength; and thus it is writtenfulfil (every) engagement, Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood for (every) engagement will be shedenquired into (on the Day of Reckoning).# Qur''Saying'' — refers to '''sexual immorality'''an 17:35 Give full measure when ye measure, and thus it weigh with a balance that is straight: that is written, They say, If a man put away his wife, the most fitting and she go from him, and became another man'sthe most advantageous in the final determination.# Qur''Of an 17:36 And pursue not that of which thou hast no knowledge; for every tree act of hearing, or of seeing or of (feeling in) the garden'' — but not heart will be enquired into (on the Day of '''theft'''.# ''Thou mayest freely eat'' — but not '''limb of a living creature'''Reckoning).
The seven laws listed by the Talmud are<ref>[[Sanhedrin 56a-b|Sanhedrin 56]]</ref># [[Imperative of Legal System]]===Qur'an 17: 22- An imperative to pursue social justice, 36 and a prohibition of any miscarriage of justice.# [[Prohibition of Blasphemy]]: - Prohibits a curse directed at the Supreme Being."Ten Commandments"===# [[Prohibition of Idolatry]]: - Prohibits It is interesting if these verse correspond to the worship of idols and planets.# [[Prohibition of Homicide]]: - Prohibits murder and suicide.# [[Prohibition of Sexual Immorality]]: - Prohibits adultery"Ten Commandments", incest, homosexuality, and bestiality.# [[Prohibition only seven of Theft]]them appear: - Prohibits the wrongful taking of another's goods.# [[Prohibition of Limb of a Living Creature]]: - Prohibits the eating of animal parts which were severed from a living animal (traditionally interpreted as a prohibition of cruelty towards animals)
Maimonides list them in this order (A possible connection between the order most commonly used)<ref>[[MaimonidesQur' Law of Noahides#Laws of Kings an 17:22-36 and their Wars, Chapter 9|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 9the "Ten Commandments" might be:1]]</ref># [[Prohibition of Idolatry]]Qur'an 17:22, 23 You shall have no other Gods before me (1st commandment) # [[Prohibition of Blasphemy]]Qur'an 17:23 Honour your father and your mother (5th commandment)# [[Prohibition of Homicide]]Qur'an 17:32 You shall not commit adultery (7th commandment)# [[Prohibition of Sexual Immorality]]Qur'an 17:33 You shall not kill (6th commandment)# [[Prohibition of Theft]]Qur'an 17:34 You shall not covet your neighbor’s house, you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife.... manservant.... maidservant.... his ox.... his ass...anything that is your neighbor’s (10th commandment)# [[Prohibition of Limb of a Living Creature]]Qur'an 17:35 You shall not steal (8th commandment)# [[Imperative of Legal System]]Qur'an 17:36 You shall not bear false witness against thy neighbor (9th commandment)
Most modern Noahide literature follows this orderingThe second, mostly due to third and fourth commandments (You shall not make unto thee any graven image or likeness of any thing. You shall not take the work name of [[Chabad Lubavitch]], which sees the L-rd your G-d in vain. Remember the list a correspondence Sabbath day) were left out perhaps as not being applicable to Islam, being particular to the Judaism. The key may be in Qur'an 15:87 “..We have given you seven [[Sefiros]] (For example "Legal System" is a translation sections) of the hebrew word ''Dinim'' which seems obviously connected to ''Malchus'', as in ''Dina DeMalchusa Dina'mesaniy and this great Qur')an.<ref>cf. "The Seven Colors of the Rainbow" ” Perhaps these seven were derived by Rabbi Yirmeyahu Bindman, chapter 6</ref>Qur'an from Noahide law instead.
==Rabbinical Source=Qur'an 17:22-36 and Noahide law===
The Seven Laws are laws which were binding upon mankind at large even before A possible connection between the revelation at Sinai, Qur'an 17:22-36 and which are still binding upon non-Jews. The term Noachide indicates the universality of these ordinances, since according to Jewish tradition the whole human race is descended from the three sons of Noah, who alone survived the Flood. Although one would think that only those laws which are found in the earlier chapters of the Torah, before the record of the revelation at Sinai, should Noahide law might be binding upon all mankind, yet the Rabbis discarded some and, by hermeneutic rules or in accordance with some tradition <ref>see Judah ha-Levi, chapter "Cuzari,Nooh" 3:73</ref>, introduced others which are not found there. Basing their views on the passage in Genesis 2:16, they declared that the following six commandments were enjoined upon Adam: (1) not to worship idols; (2) not to blaspheme the name of G-d; (3) to establish courts of justice; (4) not to kill; (5Noah) not to commit adultery; and (6) not to rob<ref>Genesus Rabbah 16:9, 24:5; Shir HaShirim Rabbah 1:16; compare with Seder # Qur'Olam Rabbah, ed. Ratner, chapter 5, and notes, Wilna, 1897; Maimonides, Mishneh Torah, Melachim, 9an 17:1</ref>. A seventh commandment was added after the Flood—not to eat flesh that had been cut from a living animal (Genesis 9:4). Thus,the Talmud frequently speaks of "the seven laws of the sons of Noah," which were regarded as obligatory upon all mankind, in contradistinction to those that were binding upon Israelites only.<ref>Tosefos, 'Avodah Zarah, 9:4; 22 — [[Sanhedrin 56a-b|Sanhedrin 56a]] et seq.</ref>While many clarifications to these laws were proposed by some Prohibition of the tannaim — e.g., the prohibitions against eating the blood of a living animal, against the emasculation of animals, against sorcery, against pairing animals of different species, and against grafting trees of different kinds<ref>[[Sanhedrin 56a-b|Sanhedrin 56bIdolatry]]</ref> — so that in one place thirty Noachian laws are mentioned,<ref>Hullin 92a; compare Yerushalmi 'Avodah Zarah 2:#1</ref>, the prevalent opinion in the Talmud is that there are only seven laws which are binding upon all mankind. In another baraita<ref>Tanna debe Menasseh</ref> the seven Noachian prohibitions are enumerated as applying to the following: (1) idolatry, (2) adultery, (3) murder, (4) robbery, (5) eating of a limb cut from a living animal, (6) the emasculation of animals, (7) the pairing of animals of different species<ref>[[Sanhedrin 56a-b|Sanhedrin 56b]]</ref>.==Laws Before Sinai==With regard to the other laws which are mentioned in the Book of Genesis and which were not included among the Noachian laws, as, for instance, circumcision and the prohibition against eating of the "sinew that shrank," the Rabbis laid down the following principle: "Every law that was enjoined upon the Noachide and was repeated at Sinai is meant to apply both to Israelites and to non-Israelites; laws that were enjoined upon the Noachide and were not repeated at Sinai apply to Israelites only".<ref>[[Sanhedrin 59a]]; R. Jose ben H.anina; comp. Bacher, "Ag. Pal. Amor." i. 430 and note</ref> By this principle a number of the pre-Sinaitic laws were excluded from the Noachian laws, although it required a great deal of speculative reasoning to make this principle apply to all cases.<ref>[[Sanhedrin 59b]]</ref>In the elaboration of these seven Noachian laws, and in assigning punishments for their transgression, the Rabbis are sometimes more lenient and sometimes more rigorous with Noachide than with Israelites. With but a few exceptions, the punishment meted out to a Noachide for the transgression of any of the seven laws is decapitation, the least painful of the four modes of execution of criminals (see [[Capital Punishment]]). The many formalities of procedure essential when the accused is an Israelite need not be observed in the case of the Noachide. The latter may be convicted on the testimony of one witness, even on that of relatives, but not on that of a woman. He need have had no warning (''hatra'ah'') from the witnesses; and a single judge may pass sentence on him .<ref>[[Sanhedrin 57a]], [[Sanhedrin 57b]]; [[Maimonides' Law of Noahides#Laws of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 9|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 9:14]]</ref> With regard to idolatry, he can be found guilty only if he worshiped an idol in the regular form in which that particular deity is usually worshiped; while in the case of blasphemy he may be found guilty, even when he has blasphemed with one of the attributes of G-dQur's name—an action which, if committed by an Israelite, would not be regarded as criminal.<ref>[[Sanhedrin 56a-b|Sanhedrin 56b]]; see 17:23 — [[Prohibition of Blasphemy]])</ref>==Procedure==#2 The Noachide are required to establish courts of justice in every city and province; and these courts are to judge the people with regard to the six laws and to warn them against the transgression of any of them.<ref>ib.; [[Maimonides' Law of Noahides#Laws of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 9|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 9:14,10"11]]; comp. Nachmanides on Gen. xxxiv. 13, where the opinion is expressed that these courts should judge also cases other than those coming under the head of the six laws, as, for example, larceny, assault and battery, etc.</ref> In the case of murder, if the Noachide slay a child in its motherQur's womb, or kill a person whose life is despaired of (''terefah''), or if he cause the death of a person by starving him or by putting him before a lion so that he can not escape, or if he slay a man in self-defense, the Noachide is guilty of murder and must pay the death-penalty, although under the same circumstances an Israelite would not be executed<ref>17:32 — [[Sanhedrin 57bProhibition of Sexual Immorality]]; [[Maimonides' Law of Noahides#Laws of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 9|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 9:4]]; comp. "Kesef Mishneh," ad loc.</ref>Only six cases of what would ordinarily be illicit connection are forbidden to the Noachide: (1) with mother; (2) with father# Qur's wife, even after the father's death; (3) with a married woman, whether married to a Jew or to a non-Jew; (4) with sister by the same mother; (5) pederasty; (6) bestiality. In these cases also there are differences in the punishment inflicted, dependent upon whether the offenses are committed by a Noachide or by an Israelite.<ref>see 17:33 — [[Maimonides' Law Prohibition of Noahides#Laws of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 9|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 9:5-8Homicide]]</ref> The Noachide is punished with decapitation for all kinds of robbery, whether from a Jew or from a non-Jew, even though the article stolen is worth less than a ''perutah#3# Qur'' (the smallest Palestinian coin, for less than which no case can be instituted against an Israelite). The Noachide is executed also if he eat of a limb cut from a living animal, even though the quantity consumed be less than the size of an olive (the minimum portion for the eating of which an Israelite may be punished.<ref>17:34 — [[Maimonides' Law of Noahides#Laws Prohibition of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 9|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 9:9-13Theft]]</ref>#5 ==Special Exceptions==The Noachide is free from punishment if he commits a sin unwittingly; ignorance of the Law, however, does not excuse him. If he commits a sin under duress, even one for which # Qur'an Israelite is obliged to undergo martyrdom rather than transgress (e.g., idolatry, adultery, or murder), he is not liable to punishment <ref>Mak. 9a; Sanh. 74b; 17:35 — [[Maimonides' Law Imperative of Noahides#Laws of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 10|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 10:1,2Legal System]]; comp. "Lechem Mishneh" and "Kesef Mishneh," ad loc.</ref> A Noachide who slays another Noachide, or worships idols, or blasphemes, or has illicit connection with the wife of another Noachide, and then becomes a proselyte, is free from punishment. If, however, he has killed an Israelite, or has had illicit connection with the wife of an Israelite, and then becomes a proselyte, he must submit to the punishment that is inflicted upon an Israelite found guilty of such a transgression <ref>[[Sanhedrin 71b]]; [[Maimonides' Law of Noahides#Laws of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 10|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 10:4]]</ref>.7 A Noachide who wishes to observe any of the laws of the Torah is not prevented from doing so. With regard to the prohibition against a Noachide studying the Law or observing the Sabbath, see [[Gentile]] in Relation to Jews.He who observed the seven Noachian laws was regarded as a foreign resident<ref># Qur'Ab. Zarah 64b; see an 17:36 — [[Ger Toshav]]</ref>, as one of the pious Prohibition of the Gentiles, and was assured Limb of a portion in the world to come.<ref>Tosef., Sanh. xiii. 1; Sanh. 105a; comp. ib. 91b; [[Maimonides' Law of Noahides#Laws of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 8|Mishneh Torah, Melachim 8:11Living Creature]]</ref> In Talmudic times the non-Jews of Babylon were apparently sunk in the grossest immorality, so that 'Ula, one of the earlierBabylonian amoraim, complains that out of the thirty laws #6??? (see above) which although the Noachide accept they observe only three—they do not write a marriage contract (''ketubah'') for pederasty; they do not sell human flesh in their shops; and they show respect for last is specifically mentioned by the Torah.<ref>Hullin 92b</ref>In the Messianic age the Noachide will accept all the laws of the Torah, although later they will again reject them.<ref>Yer. Qur'Ab. Zarah ii. 1</ref>==Bibliography==* Hamburger, R. B. T. ii., s.v. Noachideenan 2:173;* Hirschfeld, Pflichten und Gesetze der Noachideen, in Kobak's Jeschurun, iv. 1-19;* Levinsohn, Zerubbabel, ii. 74-87, Warsaw, 1878;* Weber, System der Altsynag. Pala"st. Theologie, § 56, Leipsic, 1880;* Zweifel, Sanegor, pp. 269 et seq., Warsaw, 1894.S. J. H. G.==External Links==* [http5://torahweb.org/torah/2000/parsha/rros_noach2000.html Rabbi Michael Rosensweig - Shevah Mizvot Benei Noah vs. Brit Milah] Why is Noah associated with Noahide Laws?3)
==References==
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[[Category:Petrine Sabianism]]
[[Category:Sabian Religions]]
[[Category:Noahide Islamic Religion]]
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