This article theorizes that The sect of the '''DIHYAHSadducees'''s FATHER KHALIFAH AL-KALBIpossibly from Hebrew ''' was Tsdoki'''צדוקי [https://en{{IPA|sˤə.wikipediaðo.org/wiki/Nehemiah_ben_Hushiel NEHEMIAH BEN HUSHIEL'qi}}], whence '''Zadokites'' ' or other variants - was founded in the chief [[mamed]] of 2nd century BCE, possibly as a Proto-Karaite sect that recruited a type of Noahite (Tsabi) called Hagarim from among the mainly Zoroastrianpolitical party, [[Manichaeans]] and other Gnostics (Hanifs) such as ceased to exist sometime after the Harranian Quraysh1st century. They were mainly Nabateans converted to Judaism by Alexander Jannaeus. One Modern Sadducees have usurped the identity of those Noahites was to be [[Mehmet the Ishmaelite]]Karaite Jews though they do not hold the same beliefs.
:'''NOAHITES (HAGARIM)'''It should be notedThe Hebrew language name, Tsdoki, indicates their claim that Judaism does not mind whether there is any truth or not to what non-Jews believe as long as their beliefs are compatible with Judaism. Noahite faiths are always artificial constructions. The reason is because it is assumed all religions come from Noah anyway so they are all nothing but corruptons or preservations the followers of the Truth. Hence all one needs to do to find teachings of the Truth again is redeem High Priest Tsadok, often spelled Zadok (High Priest), who anointed Solomon king at the corrupted faith by correction/redaction/editing start of those elements which are incompatiblethe Solomon's Temple. In ths senseHowever, if Rabbinic tradition suggests that is what an Arabian man did to Arabian Gnosticism then he would they were not named after the High Priest Zadok, but rather another Zadok (who may still have been considered as having done God's work from a Jewish point priest), who rebelled against the teachings of Antigonus of view. HoweverSoko, we can not know if this happened because all we have is Uthman's work a government official of Judea in the 3rd century BC and a predecessor of the opinions of Islamic historiansRabbinic tradition.
:'''DIHYAH'S FAMILY'''The identification While little or none of Dihyah's Father Khalifah Al-Kalbi with Nehemiah ben Hushiel comes from their own writings have been preserved, the fact that the only person in history known Sadducees seem to have indeed been referred to by a word meaning Khalifah before Abu Bakr was Nehemiah ben Hushiel who is called Caliph (Ostikan) priestly group, associated with the leadership of the Temple in ArmenianJerusalem. The Standard Islamic Narrative (SIN) Possibly, Sadducees represent the aristocratic clan of the Hasmonean kohen, who replaced the previous high priestly lineage that had allowed the Gabriel who used Syrian Emperor Antiochus IV Epiphanes to teach desecrate the Quranic Materials looked practically identical Temple of Jerusalem with idolatrous sacrifices and to Dihyah himselfmartyr monotheistic Jews. The Jewish holiday of Hanukkah celebrates the ousting of the Syrian forces, the rededication of the Temple, leaves us only with and the installment of the rational dedcuction that he must have been a very close genetic relative to Dihyah new Hasmonean priestly line. The Hasmoneans ruled as "priest-kings", claiming both titles high priest and king simultaneously, and like Father or twin Brother since Dihyah was too young other aristocracies across the Hellenistic world became increasingly influenced by Hellenistic syncretism and Greek philosophies: presumably Stoicism, and apparently Epicureanism if the Talmudic tradition criticizing the anti-Torah philosophy of the "Apikorsus" אפיקורסוס (i.e., Epicurus) refers to have a son old enough to fit the roleHasmonean clan qua Sadducees. If Dihya's Father was Nehemiah ben HushielLike Epicureans, then Sadducees rejected the Gabriel in question must have been Dihyah's probably Twin-Brotherexistence of an afterlife, thus denied the Pharisaic doctrine of the Resurrection of the Dead.
:'''QURAYZA'''This article also theorizes that it is very possible that the sect of proto-Karaites we The Dead Sea Scrolls community, who are referring to probably [[Essenes]], were the '''QURAYZA''' led by a high priestly leadership, who joined are thought to be the Parthian Allies descendents of Heraclius in 622 against Sassan until they were exterminated by [[Mehmet the Ishmaelite]] in 627 in "legitimate" high priestly lineage, which the Hasmoneans ousted. The Dead Sea Scrolls bitterly opposed the tragic irony current high priests of using the Temple. Since Hasmoneans constituted a different priestly line, it was in their political interest to emphasize their family's priestly pedigree that descended from their own words against themancestor, the high priest Zadok, sickening many of his followers who had worked out that Gabriel was not a messenger from heaven but in reality just a messenger from the Qurayzaauthority to anoint the kingship of Solomon, son of David.
:'''QURAYZA BELIEFS'''Nehemiah Ben Hushiel's QurayzaMost of what is known about the Sadducees comes from Josephus, like all Proto-Karaites who wrote that they were Hebrewsa quarrelsome group whose followers were wealthy and powerful, but not regular Jews.and that he considered them boorish in social interactions (see Josephus's [httpshttp://www.economistgutenberg.com/middle-east-and-africa/2013org/05catalog/18world/whos-a-jew] They were related to the Samaritans and Falashahs etc., and like the Samaritans and Falashahs etc., considered themselves spiritual inheritors readfile?fk_files=2529&pageno=105 Wars of the earthly Kingdom of Israel. Like their relativesJews, they often (but not always) harboured a degree of disrespect towards regular Jews whom they regard as elitist snobs. Christians did not refer to Arabia as ferax heresium (Mother of Heresies) for nothing and Proto-Karaites came in all sorts: [[Ananites]]; [[Ukbarites]]; [[Isawites]]; [[Essenes]]; [[Ebionites]]; [[Nazarenes]]; [[Nasoreans]]; [[Ekhasites]]; [[Sadducees]]; the list is endless. Each sect had its own peculiar set of beliefs. SomeBook II, like the UkbaritesChapter VIII, were like Messianic Jews or Nasara. Abu Hanifa can certainly be regarded as a kind of proto-Karaite whose distinguishing beliefs included acceptance of the New Testament and the Islamic Ieso as [[Abraham's Visitors|G-d's Aeon (Rasul) and G-d's Word (Kalim) and Spirit from G-d (Ruh)Paragraph 14]] born of a virgin (Marym). Just like other proto-Karaites, his sect also had a complex view of certain other Jewish sects some of which they regarded as fellow Guides and some We know something of which they referred to as Judas (Yahud) while trying to gain adherents them from discussions in the Bani Israel Talmud (Zera Israel peoplemainly the Jerusalem). Abu Hanifa seems to have preserved this tradition while starving to death in prison where he helped Anan ben David establish the Ananite sect obviously not regarding him as a Judas. Specifically, the term Judas seems to have originally referred only to ex-Christians who had abandoned Ieso for forms core work of Rabbinic literature Judaism , which regard every Ezrakh as a child is based on the teachings of GodPharisee Judaism.
:'''QURAYZA NOAHITES'''== Beliefs ==As Sadducees rejected certain beliefs of the Qurayza's Noahites it was natural for Hagarim to look-up to Pharisaic interpretation of the proto-Karaites for guidance referring to them as [[Alazeena Haadu]]Torah. The Noahites regarded themselves as Sarah's Kin They rejected the Pharisaic tenet of an oral Torah, and interpreted the verses literally. In their personal lives this often meant a more stringent lifestyle, as very distinct from their Arab subjects. Even the heavily Arabized [[Quraysh]] Hagarim they did not consider themselves Arabs whom they looked down upon as away with the worst hypocrites and disbelieversability to interpret.
:'''QURAYZA QURAN'R'Yitchak Isaac Halevi suggests that while there is evidence of a Sadducee sect from the times of Ezra, It emerged as major force only after the Hashmenite rebellion. The reason for this was not, in fact, a matter of religion. He claims that as complete rejection of Judaism would not have been tolerated under the Hasmonean rule, the Hellenists joined the Sadducees maintaining that they were rejecting not Judaism but Rabbinic law. Thus, the Sadducees were for the most part a political party not a religious sect (Dorot Ha'Rishonim). Because Nehemiah ben HushielHowever there is evidence<ref>Cf., for one example of a sect that could have represented a Sadducee schism and did believe in Angels, the Afterlife, etc.: Lawrence H. Schiffman, 's sect The Sadducean Origins of protothe Dead Sea Scroll Sect', in <i>Understanding the Dead Sea Scrolls</i>, ed. H. Shanks, New York: Random House, 1993, pp. 35-Karaites 49. It is widely known that Abu Hanifa descended from spoke Imperial Aramaic and Pahlavi they were readers the authors of the Imperial Aramaic Targumim of Dead Sea Scrolls never recognizably refer to themselves as "Essenes"—possibly due to the fact that they wrote mainly in Hebrew Miqra which in and Aramaic is called , whereas we have the Kareyana term "Essenes" from Greek—but they do refer to themselves in various places as the "Zadokites"/"Sons of Zadok", which term is apparently identical to that by which comes the Arabic word KoranSadducees identified themselves. The Hebrew Miqra predated Among other arguments for a Sadducean Essene origin, Schiffman also cites interpretations of the Tanakh purity regulations which closely parallel Sadducean views recorded by the spiritual heirs of the [[Pharisees]], who authored the Talmud.</ref> that there was only canonized around 200CEan internal schism among those called "Sadducees" - some who rejected Angels, the Soul, and Resurrection - and some which accepted these teachings and the entirety of the Hebrew Bible.
:'''QURAYSH QURAN'''One of In regard to criminal jurisdiction they were so rigorous that the day on which their code was abolished by the QurayzaPharisaic Sanhedrin under Simeon ben Shetah's Noahite tribes leadership, during the reign of Salome Alexandra, was the Quraysh who had originally been Zoroastrianscelebrated as a festival. Long after The Sadducees are said to have insisted on the demise literal execution of the Qurayzalaw of retaliation: "Eye for eye, tooth for tooth", as which pharisaic Judaism, and later rabbinic Judaism, rejected. On the Quraysh became more influentialother hand, they decided to gather and translate would not inflict the vanishing Targumim into Intelligible Arabic but most of death penalty on false witnesses in a case where capital punishment had been wrongfully carried out, unless the Targums accused had already been lost so executed solely in consequence of the Quraysh might have ended up inventing a lot testimony of it as they went alongsuch witnesses.
:'''SALAT'''While many Noahites themselves (being from Christian backgrounds) observed According to the Talmud, they granted the daughter the Divine Office same right of inheritance as the Liturgy son in case the son was dead.(see chapter Yeish Nochalin of Hours (which became the 5 prayer timesBabylonain Talmud, tractate Bava Batra) See however Emet L' Yaakov over there who explains that the proto-Karaites only practiced Salat 3 times a dayfocus of their argument was theological. The Qurayza used to perform Havdalah for question was whether there is an "Afterlife" (see above) and thus the Hagarim but this was eventually lost although dead person can act as a form chain on the line of inheritance as if he was revived by certain Alidsalive.
According to the Talmud, they contended that the seven weeks from the first barley-sheaf-offering ("omer") to Shavuot (Pentecost in Christian reference) should, according to Leviticus 23:'''MAMED'''Some proto15-Karaites were governed by a clerical office called a Ma16, be counted from "the day after Sabbath," and, consequently, that Shavuot should always be celebrated on the first day of the week (Meg. Ta'amad[https://wwwan.bookgalleryi.co; Men.il/content/hebrew/bookpageschema65a).asp?BookPageID=160101] or Hakhamate perhaps originally under Nehemiah ben Hushiel who was appointed by Khosrow following his execution In this they followed a literal reading of the Bible which regards the festival of the firstlings as having no direct connection with Passover, while the Pharisees, connecting the festival of [[Exilarch Haninai]] in 591the Exodus with the festival of the giving of the Law, interpreted the "morrow after the Sabbath" to signify the second day of Passover.
:'''NABI'''Just like the [[Isawites]], and for claiming descent fron Abraham, the Qurayza referred to their Hakhamate as the "Nabi" (Abraham Hanifa) and there were very particular marriage rules which applied to the Nabi Clerical Class also known as the Ahl ulBayt. The rules were similar to the [[Yukhasin]] categories observed by other Jews and to those which pertained In regard to rituals at the Feudal class Temple in Europe.Jerusalem:
:'''VARIOUS OTHER PROTO-KARAITE IDEAS'''As mentioned above* They held that the daily burnt offerings were to be offered by the high priest at his own expense, there whereas the Pharisees contended that they were an endless supply if ideas from to be furnished as a national sacrifice at the Proto-Karaite groups. To cover them all in detail is beyond cost of the scope of this work. Only those Temple treasury into which appear to be relevant to our story shoukd be mentionedtaxes were paid.
One such idea suggests * They held that Idumeans as people of Esau accepted Christianity regarding Ieso as a sort of "Moses" for the children of Esau in much the same way that Moses was accepted as by the children of Jacob as their special prophet. According meal offering belonged to the same theory, Hagarpriest's children were also awaiting their "Moses"portion; whereas the Pharisees claimed it for the altar.
Other proto-Karaites would have considered that Ieso * They insisted on an especially high degree of purity in those who officiated at the Quran refers not to [[Rebbe Yehoshuah Minzaret]] but to [[Plony Yeshu HaNotzri Ben Stada]] who they nick-named in Hebrew "'''מסיח'''" meaning "distracting" not regarding him as Moshia' (Messiah). That has become preparation of the ashes of the standard medieval Karaite viewRed Heifer. This idea was coupled The Pharisees, by others with the idea that he should regarded as G-d's Messenger to the Idumeans and later also the idea that [[Mehmet the Ishmaelite]] should be regarded as G-d's Messenger to the Ishmaelitescontrast, opposed such strictness.
All sorts * They declared that the kindling of the incense in the vessel with which the high priest entered the Holy of Holies on the Day of Atonement was to take place outside, so that he might be wrapped in smoke while meeting the Shekhinah within, according to Lev. xvi. 2; whereas the Pharisees, denying the high priest the claim of such supernatural vision, insisted that the incense be kindled within. * They opposed the popular festivity of the water libation and the procession preceding it on each night of the Sukkot feast. * They opposed the Pharisaic assertion that the scrolls of ideas held by the various proto-Karaite sects could Holy Scriptures have easily transferred onto , like any holy vessel, the power to render ritually unclean the hands that touch them. * They opposed the QurayzaPharisaic idea of the ''s Hagarim eruv'', the merging of several private precincts into one in order to admit of the carrying of food and vessels from one house to another on the Sabbath. * In dating all civil documents they used the phrase "after the male Qurayza high priest of the Most High," and they opposed the formula introduced by the Pharisees in divorce documents, "According to the law of Moses and Israel". * Ben Sira, one of the Deuterocanonical books, is believed by many scholars to have been by a Sadducee {{Fact|date=February 2007}}. (Note, the Talmud says clearly he was rejected by the Sadducees.) == Reliability of claims == None of the writings we have about Sadducees present their own side of these controversies, and it is possible that positions attributed to "Sadducees" in later literature are meant as rhetorical foils for whatever opinion the author wishes to present, and do not in fact represent the teachings of the sect. Yet, although these texts were eliminated forcing Hagarim written long after these periods, many scholars have said that they are a fairly reliable account of history during the Second Temple era. == Legendary origin == Josephus relates nothing concerning the origin of the Sadducees; he knows only that the three "sects" — the Pharisees, Essenes, and Sadducees — dated back to look "very ancient times" (Ant. xviii. 1, § 2), which point to a time prior to John Hyrcanus (ib. xiii. 8, § 6) or the Maccabean war (ib. xiii. 5, § 9). Among the rabbis of the second century the following legend circulated: Antigonus of Soko, successor of Simeon the Just, the last of the Men of the Great Assembly, and consequently living at the time of the influx of Hellenistic ideas, taught the maxim, "Be not like servants who serve their master for the sake of a reward, but be rather like those who serve without thought of receiving a reward" (Avot 1:3); whereupon two of his disciples, Zadok and Boethusians, mistaking the high ethical purport of the maxim, arrived at the conclusion that there was no future retribution, saying, "What servant would work all day without obtaining his due reward in the evening?" Instantly they broke away from the Law and lived in great luxury, using many silver and gold vessels at their banquets; and they established schools which declared the enjoyment of this life to others if Alazeena Haadu be the goal of man, at the same time pitying the Pharisees for guidancetheir bitter privation in this world with no hope of another world to compensate them. These two schools were called, after their founders, Sadducees and Boethusians. Many scholars are skeptical of the historicity of this tradition. ==New Testament/Greek Scriptures==The Sadducees are mentioned in the New Testament/Greek Scriptures of the Christian Bible. The Gospel of Matthew indicates that the Sadducees did not believe in the resurrection of the dead. {{bibleref|Matthew|22:29}}, 31-32 says: :<sup>29</sup> In reply Jesus said to them: “You are mistaken, because you know neither the Scriptures nor the power of God ... [30] ... <sup>31</sup> As regards the resurrection of the dead, did you not read what was spoken to you by God, saying, <sup>32</sup> ‘I am the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob’? He is the God, not of the dead, but of the living.” The Acts of the Apostles likewise indicates that Sadducees did not share the Pharisees’ belief in a resurrection; Paul starts a conflict during his trial, by claiming that his accusers were motivated by his advocacy of the doctrine of the resurrection (in an aside, Acts 23:8 asserts that “The Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, or angel, or spirit; but the Pharisees acknowledge all three”). ==The End of the Sadducees==Being associated closely with the Temple in Jerusalem, after the Temple was destroyed in AD 70 the Sadducees vanish from history as a group. There is, however, some evidence that Sadducees survived as a minority group within Judaism up until early medieval times. In refutations of Sadducean beliefs, [[Karaite Jewish]] Sages such as Ya'akov al-Qirqisani quoted one of their texts, which was called ''Sefer Zadok''. Translations into English of some of these quotes can be found in Zvi Cahn's ''"Rise of the [[Karaite Jewish|Karaite]] sect"''. ==See also==*[[Sefer Zadok]] ==Footnotes== <references/> ==External links== *[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=40&letter=S&search=Sadducees Jewish Encyclopedia: Sadducees] *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13323a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Sadducees] *[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Sadducees Encyclopedia Britannica: Sadducees]
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