The sect of the '''Sadducees''' - possibly from Hebrew '''Tsdoki''' צדוקי [{{IPA|sˤə.ðo.'qi}}], whence '''Zadokites''' or other variants - was founded in the 2nd century BCE, possibly as a political party, and continued to exist sometime after the 1st century only under the name of Ishmaelites. They were mainly Nabatean Ishmaelite Hagarim converted to Judaism by Alexander Jannaeus. Modern Sadducees have usurped the identity of the Karaite Jews though they do not hold to the Mishnaic beliefs of the early Karaites. Hod Shebe Malkhut
'''ALSADIQIN''', the sect of the '''Sadducees''' - possibly from Hebrew '''Tsdoki''' צדוקי [{{IPA|sˤə.ðo.'qi}}], whence '''Zadokites''' or other variants - was founded in the 2nd century BCE, possibly as a political party, and continued to exist sometime after the 1st century only under the name of Ishmaelites. They were mainly Nabatean Ishmaelite Hagarim converted to Judaism by Alexander Jannaeus.<ref>Johnson, Paul (1987). A History of the Jews. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-79091-4.</ref> Modern Sadducees have usurped the identity of the Karaite Jews though they do not hold to the Mishnaic beliefs of the early Karaites. The Hebrew language name, Tsdoki, indicates their claim that they are the followers of the teachings of the High Priest Tsadok, often spelled Zadok (High Priest), who anointed Solomon king at the start of the Solomon's Temple. However, Rabbinic tradition suggests that they were ''not '' named after the High Priest Zadok, but rather another Zadok (who may still have been a priest), who rebelled against the teachings of Antigonus of Soko, a government official of Judea in the 3rd century BC and a predecessor of the Rabbinic tradition.
While little or none of their own writings have been preserved, the Sadducees seem to have indeed been a priestly group, associated with the leadership of the Temple in Jerusalem. Possibly, Sadducees represent the aristocratic clan of the Hasmonean kohen, who replaced the previous high priestly lineage that had allowed the Syrian Emperor Antiochus IV Epiphanes to desecrate the Temple of Jerusalem with idolatrous sacrifices and to martyr monotheistic Jews. The Jewish holiday of Hanukkah celebrates the ousting of the Syrian forces, the rededication of the Temple, and the installment of the new Hasmonean priestly line. The Hasmoneans ruled as "priest-kings", claiming both titles high priest and king simultaneously, and like other aristocracies across the Hellenistic world became increasingly influenced by Hellenistic syncretism and Greek philosophies: presumably Stoicism, and apparently Epicureanism if the Talmudic tradition criticizing the anti-Torah philosophy of the "Apikorsus" אפיקורסוס (i.e., Epicurus) refers to the Hasmonean clan qua Sadducees. Like Epicureans, Sadducees rejected the existence of an afterlife, thus denied the Pharisaic doctrine of the Resurrection of the Dead.
None of the writings we have about Sadducees present their own side of these controversies, and it is possible that positions attributed to "Sadducees" in later literature are meant as rhetorical foils for whatever opinion the author wishes to present, and do not in fact represent the teachings of the sect. Yet, although these texts were written long after these periods, many scholars have said that they are a fairly reliable account of history during the Second Temple era.
== Legendary origin ==
Josephus relates nothing concerning the origin of the Sadducees; he knows only that the three "sects" — the Pharisees, Essenes, and Sadducees — dated back to "very ancient times" (Ant. xviii. 1, § 2), which point to a time prior to John Hyrcanus (ib. xiii. 8, § 6) or the Maccabean war (ib. xiii. 5, § 9).
Among the rabbis == Origin ==They were mainly Nabatean Ishmaelite Hagarim converted to Judaism by Alexander Jannaeus.<ref>Johnson, Paul (1987). A History of the second century the following legend circulatedJews. London: Antigonus of Soko, successor of Simeon Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-79091-4.</ref> Having been freed by a Kohen they were all counted as his legal children. Where exactly Alexander Jannaeus got the Just, idea for his religion is uncertain. Josephus relates that the last of three "sects" — the Men of the Great AssemblyPharisees, Essenes, and consequently living at the time of the influx of Hellenistic ideas, taught the maxim, Sadducees — dated back to "Be not like servants who serve their master for the sake of a reward, but be rather like those who serve without thought of receiving a rewardvery ancient times" (Avot Ant. xviii. 1:3, § 2); whereupon two of his disciples, Zadok and Boethusians, mistaking the high ethical purport of the maxim, arrived at the conclusion that there was no future retribution, saying, "What servant would work all day without obtaining his due reward in the evening?" Instantly they broke away from the Law and lived in great luxury, using many silver and gold vessels at their banquets; and they established schools which declared the enjoyment of this life really only point to be the goal of man, at the same a time pitying the Pharisees for their bitter privation in this world with no hope of another world prior to compensate themJohn Hyrcanus (ib. xiii. These two schools were called8, after their founders§ 6) or the Maccabean war (ib. xiii. 5, Sadducees and Boethusians§ 9).
Many scholars are skeptical Among the rabbis of the second century the following legend circulated: Antigonus of Soko, successor of Simeon the Just (219–199 BCE), the last of the Men of the Great Assembly, and consequently living at the time of the influx of Hellenistic ideas, taught the maxim, "Be not like servants who serve their master for the sake of a reward, but be rather like those who serve without thought of receiving a reward" (Avot 1:3); whereupon two of his disciples, Zadok and Boethusius, mistaking the high ethical purport of the maxim, arrived at the conclusion that there was no future retribution, saying, "What servant would work all day without obtaining his due reward in the evening?" Instantly they broke away from the Law and lived in great luxury, using many silver and gold vessels at their banquets; and they established schools which declared the enjoyment of this life to be the historicity goal of man, at the same time pitying the Pharisees for their bitter privation in this traditionworld with no hope of another world to compensate them. These two schools were called, after their founders, Sadducees and Boethusians.
Christian traditions state that the Sadducees began as a Samaritan sect.
==Sadducees as Ishmaelites==
Being associated closely with the Temple in Jerusalem, after the Temple was destroyed in AD 70 the Sadducees remained only as Ishmaelites. It is possible that they may have attempted to establish the Kaaba in Mecca as a substitute Temple surviving as a minority group within Judaism up until early medieval times.In the 7th century the conflict between the Ishmaelites and the Karaties and [[Edumeans ]] gave rise to Islam. In refutations of Sadducean beliefs, [[Karaite Jewish]] Sages such as Ya'akov al-Qirqisani quoted one of their texts, which was called ''Sefer Zadok''. Translations into English of some of these quotes can be found in [https://www.calledoutbelievers.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/1937_cahn_riseOfTheKaraiteSect_text.pdf Zvi Cahn's ''"Rise of the Karaite sect"''].
==Messianic Sadducees==
The 634-644CE Sadducee leader of Tachkastan called [[Emir Ambrus]] adopted a Monophysite belief in the Manichean Tripartite Jesus as a tripartite manifestation of the Archangel Metatron and subsequently some of the Mishnah which Jesus promoted and which Emir Ambrus therefore incorporated into the Sadducee texts. His successor was a Manichean who abolished the original Sadducee texts in favour of a redacted version.
==See also==
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