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A CAUTIONARY ARABIAN STORY

The following Chronology highlights events which may have contributed to a backfire in an attempt to establish a Noahite state out of Gnostics in 7th century Arabia.

Evidence supporting this story includes:

Linguistic terminology (L)

Echoes in Standard Muslim Narrative (M)

Numismatic evidence (N)

Corroboration in Oriental sources (O)

7th century primary sources (P)

Qibla Archaeology (Q)

Reasoning (R)

Please feel free to contribute to this entry but be sure to add a source to your contribution so that the overseer can decide what category of evidence it falls under.

The Tyranny of Khosrau II

This section looks at what was happening in Khosrau II's Empire during the dawn of Proto-Islam.

The tyranny of Khosrow II exposed the flaws in official church hierarchies and saw an exponential increase in Christian Acephali as a result. Blind to the flaws in their system, the official hierarchies underestimated the increasing Acephali as nothing but apostates. The Semitic word for Apostate is Haniph. The Acephali in return saw the hierarchies as unreasonable hypocrites.

The Judeo-Baptist Gnostic Acephali embraced the term Haniph and used a different Nabatean-Aramaic Christian word meaning Judas (traitor) as their own word for apostates. Hence, the word Yahud in the Quran did not originally refer to Jews. Nevertheless, these Judeo-Baptist Gnostics felt compassion for the NASARA which for them referred to any Church in communion with Dyophysites. Judeo-Baptist Gnostics considered Nasara to be closest to themselves because of Nasrani humility and voluntary monasticism but criticised their observance of it as flawed and did not take Nasara as allies.

590 Caucasian Albania (Azerbaijan)

The Miaphysite Church of Caucasian Albania gains Autocephaly from Armenia. Azerbaijan is a Parthian land where Alevism is the official state religion. Before this however it was part of a Jewish empire called Khazaria. Prior to that the country controlled the Caspian Gates preventing the armies of Gok-Magogoli from coming to the South of the Caucasus.

The area is identified with Ercolia, the Ercolian Jewish Heartland.

The time of the Autocephalous Church of Caucasian Albania came to an end in 706AD just before the rise of the Khazarian Empire.

591 Ma'amad

The Jewish Exilarch Haninai ruled from 580 to 590-591 when (according to Karaite sources) he was put to death by Khosrau II for supporting the Pahlavi Bahram VI.

The name of his successor is unknown.

Ercolian Jews were used as soldiers by Khosrau II.

After Khosrau II's attempt to eradicate the Exilarchs, the Ercolian Jews were led by a Mahmud which attempted to secure themselves in Edessa leaving the Jews with no public Exilarch again until Bostenai was installed by the lapsed Gnostic Umar I following Umar's eviction of Traitors from Arabia.

Ma'amad/מעמד (Mahmud/محمود) Mehmet/Muhmad

Ma'amad, pronounced Mahamad, (or Mahmud in Tachkastan and Muhmad and Mehmet) is the name given to an Ercolian Jewish Counsel charged with governing a community of Ercolian Jews and Noahites. The Counsel may be one person or consist of several members. Each member of the Ma'amad is addressed as Ma'amad. Each Ma'amad appoints its own successor (Khalifah).

602 Lakhmidia's Last Arab King in Al-Hira

Khosrow II appointed a so-called "ignorant Arab" to rule in Al-Hira. This may refer to Iyas ibn Qabisah under Nakhiragan and would be the second time that Iyas is given authority by Khosrau. Although ignorant at this time it is very likely that he would have made every effort to get an education while in power this second time around so as not to lose power again. However, little did he know that his ignorance was the only reason the Sassanians put him in his position.

• P+M

A. J. Deus proposed that Iyas was actually Elijah, being the historical person behind the Legendary Founder of Islam.

604 "Gregory"

The Nestorian Catholicos Mar Sabrisho I died and a new Catholicos had to be elected. The choice fell between two men named Gregory: Bishop Gregory of Nisibis and Professor Gregory of Seleucia. The Sassanid emperor Khosrau II stated only that his preferred candidate was Gregory, possibly meaning the bishop.

The king's influential Miaphysite wife Shirin, however, disliked Gregory of Nisibis and preferred Gregory of Seleucia, who had once been her steward.

The Synod (council) rejected the king's initial candidate, taking advantage of the ambiguity of name, and chose Gregory of Seleucia, who became Mar Gregorius I.

Khosrau II was accordingly displeased, and reluctantly supported the elected candidate (after applying a hefty fine to him), and said, Patriarch he is and patriarch he shall be – but never again do I allow another election.

604 Evictions in Nusaybis

The Nestorian Church's Chivalric Families are evicted from Mt Izla Monastery in Nusaybis by Babai "the Great" in 604AD for opposing Babai's introduction of celibate monasticism there. One of them is Salman the Persian according to the Standard Muslim Narrative. When historically known events leave echoes 200 years later in tertiary sources, even those tertiary sources can be used as indications concerning true history.

Without the protection of a Patriarchate, many of those evicted would have converted to other Churches or religions. Some certainly became Acephali.

604

Byzantine Emperor Phocas gives Romaniotes and Miaphysites in the Roman Empire the option of conversion or exile.

"Phocas's persecution of the Miaphysites and of the Romaniotes brought him the hatred of the Eastern provinces."

Many flee to Dacia or to join the Ma'amad in Sassania.

607-610 Third Council of Dvin

The Third Council of Dvin was a Caucasian Church council held in 607 (or 609-610) in the city of Dvin (then in Sasanian Armenia).

It appoints Abraham I as Catholicoi of the See of Etchmiadzin.

608 Nestorian Catholicosate Abolished

When the Nestorian Catholicos Gregorius died in 608, the bishops made the usual request to the Sassanian Emperor to allow them to elect a new Catholicos. The royal physician Gabriel of Sinjar, a staunch Miaphysite, used his influence with the king to prevent an election suggesting instead that Khosrau simply appoint Henana of Adiabene or one of his students Catholicos. But Khosrau II had not forgotten the events of the previous election in 604 and his mind was made up to refuse them leave to do so.

The Miaphysites are keen to recruit the suddenly Acephalian Dyophysites to empower their faction and build up their party.

The Ercolian Jews eye the Miaphysites as potential allies for a coup against the House of Sassan.

610

On the 2nd of March in 610 Gabriel the Khalifah in the Roman Province of Tachkastan notices that Mars appears as the tip of the Crescent moon falling slowly to the earth and is taken as an omen of War coming from Sassan.

(Quran 54:1 Moon Breaks).

Khosrow II sends his Ercolian Jewish army from Ercolia and their Ma'amad to invade Roman Mesopotamia killing Anastasius Patriarch of Antioch and the Romans are defeated.

(Quran 30:2)

The Judeo-Baptist Gnostics of Tachkastan submit to the Ercolian Jews who secure their Ma'amad in Edessa employing the Judeo-Baptist Gnostic Poet Gabriel Al-Khalifah as a messenger.

The murder of Anastasius II (the younger) of Antioch prevents his Nestorians having any dyophysites leaders in his Empire and increases even more the Acephalians in Khosrau's empire which is fully utilised by the Miaphysites to their advantage.

Islam begins as the Judeo-Baptist Gnostic Gabriel al-Khalifa's mission in the Former Roman Province of Tachkastan to convert the Gentile-Gnostics to Noahism for the Ercolian Jewish Ma'amad in Edessa.

Gabriel proselytises one of the newly Acephalian Dyophysite Priests in the Former Roman Province of Tachkastan, a talented and influential zera-israel known only as Father Kozim Ibn-Ishmael of Tachkastan into a Judeo-Baptist (Tsabi) Gnostic (Hanif). Following his initiation in احسى Judeo-Baptist Gnosticism he feels inspired with some Gnosis concerning the events of the year.

(Quran 96)

The influential Proselyte (Sabi) Ibn-Ishmael of Tachkastan is soon granted Ma'amad (Mehmet/Muhmad/Mahmood) status inspiring him with more Gnosis.

(Quran 17:79)

The Gnostic Rasul is Thanksgiving (Ahmed).

The increasing numbers of Acephali created a leadership void which was filled when Ma'amad Ibn-Ishmael of Tachkastan joined the Judeo-Gnostic movement. Islamic sources indicate that he was one quarter Jewish but was also sometimes referred to as ibn Abu Kabsha (Father Kabsha's son) perhaps indicating he was from a Nestorian priestly family considering the same sources indicate that he was married to a Nestorian called Khadijah by a Nestorian Priest called Waraqa ibn Naufal who had previously been a Gnostic. But some time between the abolition of the Catholicosate and the Synod of Khosrau, the son of Father Kabsha began to learn from Gabriel the Khalifah in Hira.

This same Gabriel is described in Islamic sources according to Aisha was on all but 2 occasions seen in the form of a disciple called Nabi Dihyah Wahi ibn Khalifah al-Kalbi. One may speculate that the resemblance was because his father, the Khalifa in question, may have been the same Judeo-Baptist Gnostic Gabriel who moved to teach in Hira.

However, the accusation that the Quranic materials were being taught by Heraclius emerged, to which the response was that he was Ajami (not a devotee) while the materials were in the linguistic style used only by Gnostic (Mubina) devotees (Arabs). If Father Kabsha's son's teacher was Jewish then he would have to have been a Gnostic one.

In any event the Islamic sources are clear that he abandoned his original religion and became a Gnostic (Hanif) Baptist (Sabi).

620s

The Ercolian Jewish Siraces evicted from Edessa promote Miaphysite Gnosticism to Emperor Heraclius who calls it Monoenergism and grants them an Imperial Stele to rule Arabia for him. Heraclius decided to marry his niece. Sophronius was outraged by the alliance between the "Godless Saracens" and condemns Monoenergism.

629

Heraclius allows Saracens to attack the Patriarchate of Jerusalem for its disobedience.

630

Heraclius allows the Saracens to attack the Patriarchate of Jerusalem for its disobedience before arriving in Jerusalem himself to restore the True Cross to its place.

634

Heraclius tries to appease Sophronius by making him Patriarch of Jerusalem but Sophronius doesn't stop ranting so Heraclius permits the Ercolian-Jewish Ma'amad and its Lakhmid armies to punish the Patriarchate of Jerusalem for its disobedience yet again.

636

Heraclius intended to double-cross the Ercolian-Jews but his plan backfired and he had to surrender Syria to the Ercolian-Jews without revealing his planned treachery. Unaware of these plans the Ercolian-Jewish Ma'amad continues to conquer the Patriarchate of Jerusalem.

638

The Ercolian-Jews offer tribute to the Byzantines, install Miaphysite Bishops in Jerusalem's Patriarchate and put Heraclius and his sons on their Drahmas. To appear innocent, Heraclius abandons Miaphysitism in favour of Eutychian Monothelitism.

644

The Sassan-Achamenid "Quraysh" family of Uthman take control of the Caliphate.

648

The Typos of Constans

649

Pope Martin of Gaza opposes the Tyops of Constans. Uthman sought approval from Pope Martin for a translated compilation of the Ercolian-Jews texts to Arabic in order to convert the Christian Gnostics of Arabia to their new Miaphysite Gnosticism.

653

The Byzantines arrest Pope Martin accusing him of collaboration with the Saracens and sentence him to death.

654

Uthman wins the Battle of Masts. The Byzantines reduce Martin's sentence to exile. This may be why Fredgar and Sebeos seem unsure how to treat the Ercolian-Jews in their surprisingly sympathetic accounts.

655

Martin dies in Cherson.

668

Constans dies

680

6th Ecumenical Synod. The Sassanian Mawali are jealous of the Umayyads and when Yazid has Hussein killed at this time, the Sassanian Mawali used the situation to manipulate the believers against the Umayyads and stage a coup under ibn al-Zubayir who seizes the Stele and stations himself in the Hijaz.

692

Abdul Malik crushes the uprising but recognizing how faith could be used to manipulate the population he makes important concessions which result in the emergence of a new religion called Islam.

700s

The Coptic John of Nikiu builds upon the opinion of Sophronus by referring to the Umayyad Ma'amad as an Antichrist. John of Damascus follows the same example.

749

Though unable to use religion against the Umayyads, the Sassanian Mawali did not abandon their plans and succeeded in replacing the Umayyads by 750.

610 INVASION & INSPIRATION

On the 2nd of March in 610 Gabriel the Khalifah in the Roman Province of Tachkastan notices that Mars appears as the tip of the Crescent moon falling slowly to the earth and is taken as an omen of War coming from Sassan.

(Quran 54:1 Moon Breaks).

Khosrau II mobilises a Ercolian-Jewish army to invade the Holy Land and Phocas's Romans are defeated.

(Quran 30:2)

Khosrau II has Anastasius II (the younger) of Antioch murdered. This prevents his Nestorians having any dyophysites leaders in his Empire and increases even more the Acephalians in Khosrau's empire which is fully utilised by the Miaphysites to their advantage.

612 Synod of Khosrow

Khosrow II held an Eastern Church Colloquy in 612. The already unpopular Babai attempts to placate those tempted by Miaphysitism and the Gnostic Tripartite view of Jesus by presenting the idea that the divine being has an authoritative operator and a subordinate operator inside of a third operator "a wonderful union" of the other two as God's primary Rasul to all the worlds. All three were born as Mary's child. Thus Babai's Nestorians said Allah's Rasul is a partnership between the divine and its creation. This satisfied many Nestorians whose opposition to Miaphysites was based on the assumption that they rejected 2 operators. Most Miaphysites are also satisfied.

But Babai's attempts to unify the Syro-Aramaic Christians backfired as it could be interpreted by Gnostics as capitulation to the Gnostic idea of three identities in Christ even though the Gnostics denied any true humanity to Christ whom they regarded as an angelic divine being untainted by the Demiurge's corrupt realm. Thus Babai's new formula inadvertently bolstered the Gnostic position.

613

An eclipse was visible in Southern Arabia at this time.

616 Copts & Syriacs

Coptic Pope Anastasius of Alexandria establishes communion with the Sabellian Patriarch Athenasius Gamolo of the (formerly Tritheist) Syriac Orthodox Church.

Many hard-line Miaphysites may have objected to the Union and become Acephali at this time to be absorbed by the Gnostics.

First Hijra 617

Islamic sources indicate that the Taji ruler of Lakhmidia was ousted from Al-Hira by Azadbeh's Parsigs in 617AD.

No doubt he would have begun plotting his revenge against them as a result even though Islamic sources seem to suggest he remained in the city with his family. It is possible that the ruler of Lakhmidia then went to settle with the Ercolian Jews of Edessa who welcomed him into their Ma'amad.

The fact is that the same sources do indicate that many believers had to emigrate to Abyssinia at this time.

The Monophysite Acephali sought asylum in the Severian Tewahedo Kingdom of Negash in Abyssinia which eventually settled them in the Tihamah of Hejaz which used to belong to Abyssinia and was occupied by the Ansar Sabaeans (not Sabians) from Yemen.

Since the Muhajirun were Acephalic Severians (themistians to be precise), the difference between them and Abyssinia's Cephalic Severians (regarded by the Acephali as "Nestorians" after the Coptic Pope entered communion with the Eutychian-Miaphysite Patriarch Gamolo in 616AD) is described as no more than a stick (a Bishop's Staff) because the Banu Hanifa had originally followed the same Coptic Popes that Abyssinia did but following their rejection of Church hierarchy were now under no Bishop's crook.

Qiblah

An obscure comment in the Islamic Quran indicates that the Noble Association (Quraysh) in the Belly of Makah (Akkad in the Mesopotamian desert between Al-Kaldiya and Carra) somehow hindered the Pilgrims from their Protected place of Worship. It is not easy to imagine what this means given the historically known facts which contradict the Islamic narrative.

The simplest explanation for the location of the Protected place of Worship would be the Temple Mount but it is not easy to imagine how Persians in Akkad could have hindered pilgrims from their protected place of worship if it was on the other side of the fertile Crescent. The standard a Islamic Narrative does have a good point that such was only possible if the place was in Makah. But the facts do show the earliest Masjids faced the Negev while Makah was in Mesopotamia. The only possible explanation is that the Qibla of the Quran has nothing to do with the direction that the Mosques were facing.

The suggestion is that the mosques were Noahite Synagogues facing Jerusalem. But the Qibla discussed in the Quran referred to nothing other than the Kabbalah.

618 Egypt

Khosrau II of Persia invades Egypt.

The Oriental Orthodox Communion is established.

618 Bostanai

Immediately following the conquest of Egypt is earliest likely year for Khosrow II's persecution of Exilarchate. It is known that the last Parsig Emperor Khosrow II tried to exterminate the heirs to the Exilarchy in Pumbedita.

Erruption of the Saracens

George Arsas brought forward the eruption of the Saracens in rebellion because of the treachery of John the Almsgiver in 618/619.

Against Church advise, Heraclius orders the Gates of Caucasian Albania be opened to bring about the end of Persia.

The Ercolian Jews of Edessa would soon be able to assert their independence.

622 Heraclius Liberates Cappadocia

In 622 Heraclius probably in concert with Aksum launched a campaign against Khosrau. It is no coincidence that this is also the year in which that the Arabs consider their independence began. In the 660s, Sebeos tells us that when Heraclius captured Edessa in the 620s the Ercolian Jews fleeing from Edessa claimed asylum in the New Medina (possibly the Negev of Beersheba or Wadi Rafidain) but initially failed to win any allies to their cause until Judaizing the Ishmaelites into HaGarim on the ideas of a learned Mahmet scholar who arrived in the New Medina later that year. Thus this became the year the Believers (Jews, Nestorians and Sabians) settled their case. The first year of the Arabs.

Monoenergism vs Gnostic Acephali

A Sabi (Baptist) did present the faith to Heraclius as the Hadiths claim. But there was no leader by the name of Muhammad mentioned the Byzantine version of the story. https://sunnah.com/bukhari/1/7 Lakhmidian King sends Acephalian Messenger, Paul (Nabi Dihyah Wahi ibn Khalifah al-Kalbi), to discuss Christology with victorious Dyophysite Heraclius in Jerusalem who writes to Sergius about it. In fact, the belief presented was Monophysitsm and the presenter was called Paulic (its adherents came to be called Paulician by the Byzantines ever since).

"When the Emperor Heraclius in the course of the war which he began about 619, came to Theodosiopolis (Erzeroum) in Armenia (about 622), a Monophysite named Paul, a leader of the Acephali, made a speech before him in favour of his heresy. The emperor refuted him with theological arguments, and incidentally made use of the expression "one operation" of Christ."

Like Phocas and Khosrow before him, he too issues his decree from on high that all the Christians of his empire should unite in religion.

At first it seems no one really knew what Heraclius meant. Nevertheless, the case of the believers was settled.The standard narrative says that Heraclius himself was actually convinced at first but eventually changed his mind due to pressure from his Nobles.

620s 2nd Hijra

In the 620s, Ajami Heraclius refutes the Judeo-Baptist Gnostic Paulic and evicts from Edessa inspiring more Gnosis granting them Tachkastan instead IF they can liberate it from Khosrau II's control AND unite in Miaphysite religion. Heraclius gives the Ercolian Jews the conditions of the deal inscribed on a basalt Stele.

• L+N+O+P

Ibn-Ishmael had Zera Israel relatives in Tachkastan through a Jew called Abdul Muttalib.

Thanks to Ibn-Ishmael's kinship, the Judeo-Gnostics received hospitable welcome in Tachkastan by the Ishmai'i as relatives but due to religious disagreements decided to settle in Tachkastan's New Medina while Ibn-Ishmael worked with his relatives to reduce the antisemitism among the Manicheans.

With Heraclius's Imperial Decree inscribed in Basalt, Ma'amad Ibn-Ishmael rose to prominence as his Gnostic prose is very successful in making Noahite Proselytes from among the Arabs who he convinced must unite in religion.

• L+M+P

Converting Manichees & Mandaics

Many Arabs descended from Ekhasaite Jews who had fallen prey to the heretical ideas of Mani supposedly derived from the teachings of a "spiritual twin" who first visited him when he was 12 years old then continued to visit him throughout his life.

• P

To help the Judeo-Gnostics integrate, Ma'amad Ibn-Ishmael convinced the Gnostic Baptists that Mani had distorted the teachings of Gabriel Ekhasai, whom he presented as a true teacher of Homeletic Gnosis whose teachings the insane and willfully arrogant Mani had misrepresented and distorted in order to follow his own whims.

• L+M+P

Ibn-Ishmael taught that they should revert (Hanif) as Noahites to the religion of Mani's Father (Ekhasaite Judaism) contrary to Mani's mad ramblings, the Bible was not corrupt and Jews were not evil but to be respected as those to whom have been entrusted the Oracles of God as Paul had taught. Thus, although Gnostic Baptists used to face South to worship, every new "Gnostic Noahite" Synagogue was built roughly facing Jerusalem.

• L+M+P+Q

The Judeo-Gnostics had preserved the book of Elkhasai in Gnostic terms that the various types of devotee (Arab) could understand and presented it to the Arabs with supplementary material from the Mishna etc.[1] which Ma'amad Ibn-Ishmael used to elaborate on Gabriel Elcesai's Homeletic Gnosis for use in guiding the Arabs as Noahites.

Ibn Khalifa the son of a previous Ma'amad was an important Messenger in carrying answers from other Ma'amads to Ibn-Ishmael about Mahmad whenever he needed them. These materials (called Ekhsai Al Hadith) became the materials from which the Islamic Quran would eventually be formed. Thus, the Hijazi rasm should really be called Al-Rutba Script.

• L+M+P

Thanks to the Judeo-Gnostics, Ibn-Ishmael the Tsabi soon rose to prominence in Tachkastan as he won over various Ishmai'i as Gnostic Noahites from among the Arabs (devotees). Ibn-Ishmael's followers were soon known as Ishmaelites or Bani-Ishmael.

• L+M+P

Nabi vs Navi

According to a tradition preserved by Abu Isa, the word Nabi was given a lower meaning compared to the Hebrew word Navi.

• L+O

Nabis were Zera Israel Gnostics who served as Pastors for the Gnostic Noahites in fulfilment of the commandment to be a light unto the nations.

• M+O+P

Many missionaries were sent out in all directions across Arabia. People in Greater Arabia known to have identified themselves as Nabis (with or without authorization) included:

1. Nabi ibn Abu Kabsha

2. Nabi Maslamah bin Habib

3. Nabi Sajah

4. Nabi Rahman (Al-Aswad al-Ansi)

5. Nabi Tulayha

6. Nabi ʿAbdallāh ibn Saʿd ibn Abī Sarḥ

7. Nabi Saf ibn Sayyad

• M+P

Backfires

Lapsed Ercolian Jews like Umar also joined the movement and when Ma'amad Ibn-Ishmael ha united the people of Tachkastan under one religion, the Ma'amad (Mahmud) supplied Heraclius's weapons to them to overthrow the Persians in Al-Hira. But Khalid ibn alWalid took advantage and killed many Proselytes.

• M+O+P

Assisted by Salman I Fars's Parthian Knights, Mahmud Ibn-Ishmael led Tachkastan to independence from the Persiks.

But integration did not work out and many Judeo-Gnostic Baptizsrs were executed on trumped up accusations as Judases by some ignorant and suspicious Arabs.

• M+O+P

Gabriel's (or Ariel's) visit

Some time after that the monophysite-polyenergist Gabriel is said to have visited the New Medina (Sinjar mountains in Wadi Rafidain) to test his students.

Source https://sunnah.com/muslim/1/1

Apparently the possibility that Gabriel also spoke that language was ruled out perhaps simply because Gabriel claimed no ability in the Lisan Arabi Mubina.

Mubina derives from Bina as the Angel of Christ who sits at the right hand of Keter with Ahmed (Achamuth) at the left. Mubina speaks for the Churches. Mubina teaches the Mursaleen (Rasul's Bride) who teach the Mu'mineen towards whom the Muslims are supposed to be friendly.

This it seems the Nabis (which still included Maslama bin Habib at this point) presented themselves as interpreters of ecclesiastical poems for Sabi Apostles which Gabriel taught allegedly being not his own compositions but from Christ's Angel through the Spiritual gift of Glossolalia alone by the power of the Father's name.

Dhū-Qār 624

Ibn Abu Qabsah is said to have finally got his revenge against Azadbeh on the Day of Dhū-Qār in the Makah vicinity just north of Hira a few months after Badr in 624.

But until his death the Lakhmidian King was still just one of many Nabis of the Sabi-Hanifism who had learned Gabriel's Ecclesiastical poetry.

The conflicting reports that Iyas or his son were on the Persian side is not consistent with him having been ousted. It is in short, a deliberate hazing of the facts invented to hide his true identity and the fact that he was indeed actually working for Kavod II at this time.

626 Yathrib

The Battle of the Trench in Yathrib to protect Tazigstan.

626-628 Oppressing Dyoenergism

In the end, Heraclius came up with Dyophysite-Monoenergism. In simple language that means the human nature of Jesus was nothing but God's glove puppet and looked a lot like Eutychianism which also reduced the human nature of Jesus to no meaning. Thus the Byzantine authorities prohibited citizens from thinking in terms of Jesus having a mind of his own from 626 to 681.

Heraclius imposed his glove pipped Jesus (Dyophysite-Monoenergism) in reconqueried Armenia and other Eastern Provinces.

Many Monophysites (especially modalists) accepted his terminology. But the Pahlavi Baptists were more upset.

Later in 626 he inquired of Cyrus, Bishop of Phasis and metropolitan of the Lazi, whether his terminology was correct. "Cyrus was uncertain, and by the emperor's order wrote to Sergius the Patriarch of Constantinople, whom Heraclius greatly trusted, for advice. Sergius in reply sent him a letter said to have been written by Mennas of Constantinople to Pope Vigilius and approved by the latter, in which several authorities were cited for one operation and one will. This letter was afterwards declared to be a forgery and was admitted to be such at the Sixth General Council."

628 Bostanai

Last possible year for the birth of Bostanai.

According to Jewish sources, in his last year, Khosrow II also hunted down and exterminated the Exilarch Gabirol and the remaining sons of David at this time leaving only the young pregnant mother of Bostanai alive. Bostanai may have been identical with Hanina ben Adoi.

Siroe/Kavad II (Conquest of Makah)

Khosrow II was overthrown in 628 and was replaced by the rather Monophysite Byzantine Emperor Maurice's grandson Kavad II in Old Medina who appointed Heraclius regent over his son when he died.

Again, it is no simple coincidence that the conquest of Makah coincides with the Byzantine conquest of Khosrow. Even the location of Makah according to the Continuatio Byzantia Arabica is Akkad in the desert between Al-Kaldiya and Carra (i.e. Adiabene's Carron region of the modern day Erbil Governorate) the city of Mesopotamia, indicating an area which was under Khosrow II's control until the Byzantines defeated him.

Al-Hira is located between Chaldea and Carra.

During the conquest the Hanifian Baptists who had been ousted from the desert area, between Kaldea and the Mesopotamian City Carra in the preceding decade, returned to take control without a fight.

7AH Heraclius & Nabi Dihyah Wahi ibn Khalifah al-Kalbi

The standard narrative places Heraclius & Serjius's secret belief that Elijah had returned at about this point.

629 Monothelitism

When he had first met with the Njudeo-Gnostics in Armenia, Heraclius was persuaded to stick to a more simple Nicene Miaphysite Creed and avoid all forms of Arian part-man part-God doctrines. He referred to Miaphysitism by the phrase Dyophysite Monoenergism under which he established unions with several Miaphysite Churches.

But Sophronius objected to the term.

• M+P

Heraclius supported the Arsacids against the pagan Khosrau II.

Heraclius sought to establish a union with the Nestorians by adopting Babai's "wonderful union" doctrine of Monothelitism to replace Monoenergism. This is where it all begins to fall apart.

• M+P

Heraclius supported the Parthian Houses against the Sassanian Persiks.

• P

Skirmishes between Arabs and Ghassan took place at Mu'tah in September 629 and again at Al Karak in 630 as Heraclius made his way to recapture the Holy Land. Nevertheless, the Muslim Narrative indicates that Heraclius told the Ghassanids to submit to the Muslims. This could be why the Syriac Orthodox decided to break ties with Heraclius.

• P+M

21st March Heraclius makes a triumphant entry liberating Jerusalem under the "True Cross" in a TAU shape.

• N+P

Heraclius presented himself as a family guy but was a power-crazed, incestuous gangster who had dyophysites intimidated or killed even brutally and crucified if they stood in his way. But he was still yet to make the worst political decisions of his career.

• P

Sassanian-style Islam emerged from a joint effort on the part of the Roman Empire and the Islamic Empire to erase the memory concerning this Heraclean imperial mandate.

The Critical Years of 628-630

Understanding the chronology of what happened next is essential.

It seems first that the Ghassanid Monophysite Church entered a brief union with Heraclius.

According to Islamic tradition, Heraclius ordered the Ghassanid prince to submit to the Muslims. The Umayyads were Jews[2] and Ghassanids descended from Siraces who served the Pahlavis (Parthians) and who were instrumental in the establishment of the short-lived Palmyrian Empire. They were converted to the Taji religion but soon adopted displacement theology.

But then the Nestorians were allowed to establish their own Catholicos again greatly upsetting the Monophysites. Many would have joined the Acephali in protest against the Ghassanid Patriarch at this time.

Heraclius proclaimed himself "Basileus" in 629 the first Greek since the Seleucids to be Persia's King of Kings greatly upsetting the Pahlavis by forcing the Armenian Catholicos Ezras into communion.

The Nestorian Catholicos Ishoʿyahb II of Gala entered communion with Byzantium in 630.

The Monophysite Church immediately broke communion with Heraclius and established a Maphrian of all the East to oppose the Nestorian Catholicos. This may have been to appease their congregations who were no doubt furious about being united to the Nestorians.

At the same time the Pahlavis had different ideas and rejected Heraclius's regency over Kavodh's young son Ardashir whom they established on the throne instead triggering the chain of events which soon led to Arab supremacy in the region. There was nothing supernatural about it.

The Pasigs vs Pahlavi Civil War

Heraclius's responded by instigating a civil war between the Parsigs and Pahlavis while this is the time associated with the Conquest of Makah in the standard narrative, no doubt having been armed by the Pahlavis to use as infantry against the Parsigs.

Heraclius sent the Zoroastrian Shahrbaraz to kill the Monophysite Christian Child-Prince Ardashir and crucify his Christian supporters.

At the same time Aksum sent a navy to re-claim the Hejaz.

Shahrbaraz established himself on the throne in 630 but was quickly replaced by the Monophysite Christian Borandokht who was in turn dethroned by Parsing Shapur followed by her own half-sister the Zoroastrian Azarmidokht. Azarmidokht was opposed by the Pahlavi Farrukh whom she executed then Farrukh's son Rostam who executed her and restored Borandokht to the throne in 631. But the Parsigs did not give up and had her strangled in 632.

632 The Religion Dies

After that, a certain ambitious Al-Muthanna (Abu Bakr) whose daughter served as a maid to Mahmud Ibn Ishmael ordered her to poison him in 632. Seizing the Imperial Mandate, Abu Bakr aimed to take his place as successor circumventing the appointment of Ali as Ibn-Ishmael's successor.

• M

With recognition from Heraclius, Al-Muthanna (Abu Bakr) established his own Ma'amad (Mahmud) ruling as the local warlord of Al-Hira frequently raiding the Sassanians until the fed-up Parthians broke the contract and forced them south across the Euphrates into the Northern Border Province of Arabia.

• R+M

632 ʿAlī's Term

During the Gnostic Mulla Abu Turab's reign, his "Believers" had cordial relations with the Oriental Orthodox and the Papacy but fought against Byzantine suppression of Dyoenergism. His Believers sometimes marched into battle under the banner of the Cross and the Cross appeared on his Coins. However, his importance was gradually diminished by the rise of the Judaizers in the west.

Abu Bakr and the Proto-Karaites

In their Association (Quraysh) Abu Bakr, Umar and the Umayyads can be identified as Proto-Karaites. They opposed ascribing any kind of uncommon divinity to the Gnostic Mehmet. The Gnostics Baptists called them Judases and regarded them as traitors so Abu Bakr set about forcing their Mullas to pledge allegiance to him or die. Nabi Maslamah bin Habib, Nabi Sajah and Nabi Rahman (Al-Aswad al-Ansi) were all killed. Nabi Tulayha and Nabi Abdallah ibn Saad ibn Abi Sarh and the Dajjalic Nabi Saf all pledged allegiance. But the Dajjalic Nabi Saf was not trusted and eventually vanished.

Their beliefs are very similar to those held later by Ananites like the Karaylar.

It is important to note that the description of Mahmad in the Umayyad Quran is nothing like a Jewish Ma'amed. However the description of the the Nabi by Abu Isa, as well as the descriptions concerning the Arab Leadership given by the likes of Sebeos, John of Nikiu and John of Damascus are all consistent with the idea that these Proto-Karaites continued their own version of a Jewish Ma'amed leadership which was called Mahmud in the Quran once (in contrast to the 4 mentions of Mahmad).

It is certain that the Abbasids merged these two ideas to create the Islamic legend of Muhammad.

The Mawali

An alleged truce between the Pasigs and Pahlavis was reached and Yazdegard was established on the throne in 632 as a compromise between the two parties. However, the alleged treaty/compromise is not believable. This thesis proposes that Yazdegard was simply the Parsigs candidate but the Pahlavi candidate was Ali. After decades on the run, his daughter Shahrbonu was wed to Ali's son Hussein whose Father following the old King's demise ruled from Al-Hira until his assassination in 661. But the marriage pact was dishonoured by her brothers who sought support in China.

The word Mawali is usually understood to mean Mawla'i meaning Lord's. But in true interpretation means Lords.

Ali and al-Hanafiyyah

The curious story of the Banu Hanifa Princess Khawlah bint Ja'far.

Abu Turab's Tome

According to our Thesis, Ali represented Hanifism as Islam had not yet been invented. According to our theory it was Abu Bakr, and Umar then Uthman who laid the ground work for the establishment of the Book of the Arabs and the Religion of the Arabs created under Abdul Malik.

The "Tome" is the original Syro-Aramaic Johannite Tome of the Gnostics that Ali offered to his military commanders but which they rejected in favour of the partly goat-eaten Hafsa Mushaf. Ali's is not the same version which was defended by Abdullah ibn Masood and his supporters whom Uthman had killed after breaking Ibn Masood's ribs. Ubayy also had his own version. So there were altogether at one point so far as we know from Islamic sources alone, 4 competing versions of the Quran.

One of them is the "Tome" in question which explains how Pope Martin could have been charged with granting the Saracens their "Tome" as it would not have been vastly different from other Dyoenergists at this point who were all working together against the anti-Dyoenergism of the 7th century Byzantine Emperors.

Leo III refers to how Abu Turab and Salmani Fars and Umar all contributed material to the Book of the Arabs.

632 Rivalry: Arabs vs Pahlavi Mawali

Although Ali and the Pahlavis had made their deal with the Pasigs, the Pahlavi Mawali faced political opposition from the more Judaized Nestorians Arabs of Abu Bakr, Aisha, Umar, Hafsa and the Umayyads.

Abu Bakr was probably a Judaized Nestorian Ishmaelite under the guidance of Kaʽb al-Aḥbār. He took much delight in announcing in 632 "Those who follow Muhammad, know that he is dead. As for those who follow The Father, know that he is alive forever!"

Source http://sunnah.com/bukhari/23/5

Kaʽb al-Aḥbār and his followers set about the difficult task to replace the idea that Jesus was God's temple if there was to be any hope of rebuilding a Shrine for the Jews on the Temple Mount.

While the Imam in Al-Hira was the dead king's son in law Ali, the defacto political leader, Abu Bakr, began to make changes to Hanifism. Shia sources indicate that Abu Bakr was nothing more than Umar's stooge and that Umar himself was heavily influenced by Kaʽb al-Aḥbār.

Abu Bakr set about consolidating his power and killed the Gnostic Baptist Nabis who stood in his way. Abu Bakr, sought to reverse the influence of the Gnostic Baptists by executing Maslama bin Habib and subjugating the Banu Hanifa. But Ali is said to have sympathised with them taking their princess as his bride.

Abu Bakr's MusHaf

The standard narrative says that Zaid ibn Thabit was first ordered to set about collecting Quranic materials during the reign of Abu Bakr who did not want to use Ali's Mushaf nor Ubayy ibn Ka'b's Mushaf nor Abdalla ibn Masood's Mushaf. There is no reason to believe that Abu Bakr thought that Gabriel the Persian was nothing more than a poet.

Inscriptions and Poetry

The Gnostic Baptists left plenty of rock inscriptions but most of their doctrine comes from Gabriel.

Rogation of the Ninevites

"God told Jonah: Had your Lord so wished, all people everywhere would have been believers. But that is not His way, hence do not force anyone to take to Our path unless they do so willingly. No one can believe except by the will of God; only those who are skeptics do not understand His message."

http://assyrianpost.blogspot.com/2007/01/baoutad-ninevaye-or-rogation-of.html?m=1

Compare with

http://jews-for-allah.org/Why-Believe-in-Allah/Jews-inthe-Quran/jonah.htm

It looks like "Jews for Allah" accidentally used the Nestorian Lection instead of the Islamic one because in Pickthal's translation it reads:

"And if thy Lord willed, all who are in the earth would have believed together. Wouldst thou (Muhammad) compel men until they are believers. It is not for any soul to believe save by the permission of Allah. He hath set uncleanness upon those who have no sense."

[10:99-100]

If you have ever read a verse in the Quran but have never been able to find it since, it is possible that the Muslim who showed it to you might have accidentally used a Nestorian Lectionary instead.

Inclusion

It seems Zoroastrians and Polytheists were also welcomed into the Covenant of Peace alongside Jews, Nasara and Sabians.

633 Khalid the Infidel

Khalid then gathered his own party from all across Southern Arabia in the Ridda (more likely Riyadz) wars, threatening all of the Nabis if they would not submit to him. Nabi Maslamah bin Habib, Nabi Sajah and Nabi Rahman were all killed.

He then turned to Iraq. The Judases Nabi Tulayha and Nabi Abdallah ibn Saad and the Nabi Saf all pledged allegiance. But a murderous slander took root against Nabi Saf and he eventually vanished. With his accomplices. Jews were essentially prohibited from teaching Gnosis unless they joined his team. Those who did not accept the new rules were called traitors and massacred.

• M

633 The Battle of Hira

When Khaled took Amgheshiya in 633, Azadbeh's army stood outside Hira before losing everything later that year.

634 Umar

The Nestorians made a second approach this time by Ishoʿyahb himself to the caliph ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab (634–44). ʿUmar is said to have granted the Church of the East a charter of protection.

Some of the Saracen leaders mentioned during Umar's name are referred to by similar names such as Amr. The standard narrative is that they represent different people but it might not necessarily be the historical case. However, a major obstacle to equating the two is that the standard narrative places Umar under the influence of Kaʽb al-Aḥbār's form of Judaism while Amr was most impressed by the Coptic Pope Benjamin.

Calendar

According to the standard narrative, Ramadan had always coincided with the Fast of Adam and Eid ulAzhar had always coincided with Passover preparations until 632. But neglecting intercalations for the 12 Lunar Months the calendar had slipped forward two whole months against the Solar year by the time Umar came to power in 634. Umar opted to stay with 12 lunar months instead of returning to the system of intercalation used until 632.

Rav. Ben Abrahamson has indicated that this may have been as a result of Kaʽb al-Aḥbār's influence who represented a sect of Jews who had opposed Hillel II's Hebrew calendar.

Censorship

In 634 Heraclius forbade further discussion of energism.

634 Tayyaye d'Mhmt

In 640, Thomas the Presbyter reported that the "Tayyaye d-Mhmt" were fighting with Romans 12 miles east of Gaza in 634.

Sophronius

In his 634 Christmas Sermon, the hardcore Dyophysite Sophronius mentions that the "Godless" Saracens had taken Bethlehem and that is what you get when you don't respect Baptism.

634 Carthage Doctrina Yacobi

Byzantine propaganda attempts to damage Jewish interest in what they might have thought were the Armies of Elijah.

"What can you tell me about the prophet who has appeared with the Saracens?" He replied, groaning deeply: "He is false, for the prophets do not come armed with a sword."

It concludes that Jews should side with Byzantine Christianity instead of chasing after this false Elijah.

634

Sophronius the new Patriarch of Jerusalem, banned Heraclius's supporters from Church in the Holy Land.

• P

So Heraclius allowed Khalid to lead the Taji of Mehmet in raids against the Holy Land in 634 recorded by Thomas the Presbyter fighting 12 miles east of Gaza.

• P+M

Maximus and Sophronius refer to Saracens as Godless or Apocalyptic beasts.

• P

Sneaky Yazdegard reached out to Heraclius after Khalid's invasion of South Syria.

635 Ctesiphon

Ctesiphon surrenders to Umar.

635

The standard Islamic narrative says that despite any appearances to the contrary, Heraclius was actually a secret Muslim. But if that were the case he clearly considered Khalid a treacherous and dangerous infidel. Heraclius entered an alliance with treacherous Yazdegard III in 635.

• M+R

Carthage's Doctrina Yacobi propaganda attempts to encourage Jews to convert to Christianity rather than follow wicked Khalid.

"What can you tell me about the prophet who has appeared with the Saracens?" He replied, groaning deeply: "He is false, for the prophets do not come armed with a sword."

• P

The Doctrina Yacobi marks the historical turning point in Byzantine policy towards Khalid.

636 Peroz

Peroz III son of Yazdegard is born.

636 Fragment on the Battle of Gabitha

"...Mūḥmd and many people were slain and..."

This could be a reference to the Battle of Yarmouk.

636

Heraclius allows Khalid to overthrow the Ghassanids then in alliance with Yazdegard orders a strike against the Muslims. But Yazdegard betrays him and enters negotiations with Saad ibn Abi Waqqas. Badly outnumbered, the Byzantine armies fail and South Syria falls to Khalid

• P

Syriac Fragment mentions Muhmd and much killing.

• P

Khalid surrounds Jerusalem.

• M

637 Jerusalem

Sophronius the Dyophysite hands Jerusalem over to the lapsed Gnostic Umar.

The Temple Mount Masjid

Umar asked Kaʽb al-Aḥbār "Where do you advise me to build a place of worship?" Ka‘b indicated the Temple Rock, now a gigantic heap of ruins from the temple of Jupiter. The Jews, Ka‘b explained, had briefly won back their old capital a quarter of a century before (when Persians overran Syria), but they had not had time to clear the site of the Temple, for the Byzantines (Rūm) had recaptured the city. It was then that Umar ordered the rubbish on the Temple Rock to be removed by the Nabataeans, and after three showers of heavy rain had cleansed the Rock, he instituted prayers there. Umar is said to have fenced it.

Rav. Ben Abrahamson has said that Jews began to keep lamps burning outside of the wooden structure at that time.

Sophronius validates that account as follows:

"the godless Saracens entered the holy city of Christ our Lord, Jerusalem, with the permission of God and in punishment for our negligence, which is considerable, and immediately proceeded in haste to the place which is called the Capitol. They took with them men, some by force, others by their own will, in order to clean that place and to build that cursed thing, intended for their prayer and which they call a Midzgitha (Masjid)."

637

Sophronius surrenders Jerusalem to Umar with hospitality. Kab al-Ahbar advises Umar to build a sanctuary on the Temple Mount.

• M

Sophronius refers to Umar's sanctuary as an "Accursed Masjid" behind his back.

• P

Yazdegard's treachery did not pay off. After the defeat of the Byzantines, Saad enters into battle with him at Qadisiyyah.

• M

Khalid take the Levant while Saad conquers Iraq.

• M

Zionism

In the 660s, Sebeos mentions a Mahmet Torah Scholar inciting Judaized Ishmaelies to take the Holy land and how they organised their approach. It is very possible that Sebeos was confusing Mahmet with Kaʽb al-Aḥbār.

Nestorians petition Abu Bakr

The Chronicle of Seert, probably written in the ninth century, records two approaches to the Muslims from the Nestorian Church. The first by Ishoʿyahb's emissaries to Abu Bakr (632–4).

At times the first Arab conquests were led – in a noteworthy paradox – under a flag bearing a cross (Alichoran, 1996: 86)

638

The timid Pope Honorius dies. Sergius of Constantinople dies. Sophronius dies. Dyophysite Heraclius outlaws discussion of Dyoenergism. The Muslims are alleged to have attempted to seat the Monothelite Bishop Sergius of Jaffa as the Patriarch of Jerusalem. Umar establishes the Dyoenergist Monophysite Armenian Patriarch Abraham I as Patriarch of Jerusalem.

638 Umar

Sophronius dies.

• P

Khalid is retired and Saracens make a show of loyal clienthood to Heraclius by estasblishing Heraclius's Miaphysite Archbishops in the Holy Land.

• P

Furthermore, the Saracens ordered the mints to produce coins with a Gnostic TAU Cross of Calvary on the back BUT with Heraclius and his Son(s) on the front as a sign of their loyalty to Byzantium so Heraclius allows them to continue asserting control over his lands for him in Egypt. The Gnostic Tau Cross of Calvary Heraclius coins will remain standard currency in the Islamic Empire for many decades.

• N

Umar who was well versed in the Torah inherited the Imperial Mandate and took control of the community he evicted all Jews and Christians from Arabia (except Teimanis) but granted privileges to Jews like Bostanai and Christians like Ishoyahb.

• M

The Quranic materials Umar helped Abu Bakr collect he entrusts to the hands of his daughter Hafsa and forgets about them.

• M+O

639 Egypt

The standard narrative says that Amr ibn al-As joined the companions of the Arabian Nabi in 629. However, historical sources say that Amr said he "had never seen such an impressive man of God as" the Coptic Pope Benjamin.

639

According to the Coptic encyclopedia, Amr has never met a more Holy Man than Coptic Pope Benjamin.

• O

641

Heraclius then his co-heirs all die in swift sequence.

• P

The Arab Empire will continue to put them on their coins for decades to come to remind everyone that it was Heraclius who had given them an imperial mandate carved in black stone.

• N+O

Following conversation with John Sedre Emir Umayr asks the Taji to translate the Gospels into Arabic, but not the Quran. The emir had initially demanded that mentions of the name of Christ, the baptism, and the Cross be removed from the translation, but relented following John's refusal.

• O

Conclusion

Taken altogether the evidence suggests that Umar worked for Heraclius's tolerance as very tolerant Karaite or a secular Teimani (or Judaized gentile) but one who was more attracted to normative Christianity.

• R

644 Emir Umayr

An 874 manuscript titled Disputation of John and the Emir it is recorded that on the 9th of May 644, and the Emir Umayr ibn Sad al-As arise invited the Syria Orthodox Patriarch John III of the Sedre to explain the Byzantine faith to him. The Byzantine praised his efforts. At the Emir's request, John also had the Gospel translated from Syriac into Arabic by Arab Christians from the Banu Uqayl, Tanukh, and Tayy (Tashih/Tachk/Tajik) tribes. It is alleged that the emir had initially demanded that mentions of the name of Christ, the baptism, and the Cross be removed from the translation, but relented following John's refusal. The request to remove the title Christ and the Cross indicates the Emir was influenced by Judaism. He did not believe Jesus was Christ and did not want the Jews blamed for crucifixion.

644 Bostanai & Umar

It is also said that another of Yazdegard's daughters called Dara was given in marriage to the 16 year old Bostanai at this time.

644 Uthman

In 644 Uthman inherited Heraclius's Imperial Black Stone Mandate

• M

As far as we know he does not see any need to issue any new currency.

• N

Uthman's Saracen Ma'amad orders Zaid to re-write (Sana Manuscripts) Hafsa's poorly preserved Mushaf. This is the first of ultimately 5 canonizations throughout history, the 5th most recent canonization being 1921 Cairo Hafs. Uthman the attempts to destroy all traces of:

the Hafsa Mushaf

the Ali Mushaf

the Ibn Masood Mushaf

the Ubayy Mushaf

• M+O

Pope Martin of Gaza is arrested for granting the Saracens their Tome. It must therefore be Miaphysite and Mahmad can only mean Jesus.

• L+P

Uthman sends navy to attack Byzantines in the Battle of Masts.

• M

Pope Martin saved from execution is banished to Chereson.

• P

Conclusion

Unless Umar finally converted, the elements seem to suggest that the new ruler, Uthman, was some kind of Miaphysite Mesihi.

• R

644 Uthman

Uthman succeeds Umar.

Uthman's Mushaf (650s)

According to the standard narrative, Uthman ordered all Quranic materials to be burned except for the "Quraysh" version written by Zaid ibn Thabit. He also killed the supporters of the Qari Ibn Masud who opposed his decision.

Pope Martin of Gaza

It is likely that if there is any truth at all to the charge that Pope Martin granted the Saracens their Tome that it refers to the original Book of the Mawali and not to Uthman's redacted Book of the Arabs. According to Islamic histories there were 4 Mushafs in existence at this time: Uthman's, ibn Masood's, Ubayy'and Ali's. Again concerning the charge of supplying money to them. It may have been to the Mawali cause to overthrown the Umayyads.

653 Paulician Gnostics

Paulic, the Armenian from the Saracen Empire converts Constantine-Silvanus. Paulician Gnostics believe that Jesus is an uncreated Spirit like a human but wholly divine in origin with no human flesh taken from Mary's body and subordinate to God the Father.

Paulician Gnostics were branded as Jews, Mohammedans, Arians, and Manichean (Hanifian). It is possible that their opponents employed such "pejorative" appellations merely as terms of abuse. They called themselves "Believers".

It seems that these Paulicians represent the remnant of the Parthian Judeo-Baptist Gnostic Mullas who sought to escape the change of political climate in the Caliphate.

656 Tashih (Tayyaye/Tachk/Tajik)

Both Sebeos and a Chinese source concerning events preceeding 656 mention the Titular land of the new West Persian (Po-ssu) Kingdom as Tashih or Tachkastan. The word Tajiklar is still the Turkish name for Kurdish Mawali (Alevis). The Chinese source calls the rulers of the land Mo-shou (Musulman). The word Tajik was originally used to designate Persian Sufis.

The word Tajik may be related to the word Tarsak meaning God-fearer. The Muslims were told not to attack anyone in war who declared "Metras".

Another Chinese source calls them Dashi.

656 Ali

In 656 Easterners killed Uthman. Gnostic Ali did nothing to get involved but inherits Heraclius's Imperial Black Stone Mandate. Westerners under Muawiya go to war against Ali.

• M

Neither side issue any new currency.

• N

Conclusion

The Westerners must have arranged compensation for Byzantium for lands gained during the Battle of Masts.

• R

656 The First Fitna

As soon as the Caliph and Imam had secured their kingdom they began to fight each other. In 656 Muawiya succeeded Uthman and stepped up Arab opposition to the Mawali Pahlavis which his predecessors had subdued.

659 Muawiya's Vassalage

In 659, Mu'awiya even concluded a truce with Byzantium, including payment of tribute to the Empire.

Hence some of Muawiya's inscriptions and early coins have crosses on them. But like all Karaites, Muawiya did not know anything about Jesus. He only knew of Karaism's Yeshu HaNotzri the son of Magdalena and Joses Pantera. Muawiya himself believed Yeshu was a skilled talker and a Martyred Prophet who attained glory in heaven. The cross for Muawiya was nothing but a symbol of martyrdom to "face death bravely as Christ did". While praising martyrdom, he probably considered Christianity to be Martyrolatry.

For Muawiya, only worthless flesh died on the cross, so Jesus should not be said to have been killed as per Quran 2:154 and in Muawiya's reality was therefore somehow taken from the cross to heaven where Muawiya believed he lives on forever unaware of the affairs of this world. For him, displaying the cross was a symbol of accepting one's own martyrdom bravely just as the Karaites of Babi Yar did.

Muawiya believed that the crucified body put in the tomb which Christians worship was nothing but worthless dead flesh.

His position was despised by the party of Ali.

660 Kibossa

Coinciding with the escape of many Mawali from Muawiya, Constantine-Silvanus establishes a Paulician community at Armenian Kibosa. It may be the only Gnostic Baptist colony to have successfully established itself in the Anatolian-Roman Imperial province of Armenia under the full scrutiny of the Byzantines, therefore providing a unique peep into what at least the Saracens Mawali probably believed at that time.

Alevis believe they descend from Paulicians.

660 Muawiya

In 660 Byzantine client Muawiya has Ali killed and takes Heraclius's Black Stone Imperial Mandate.

• M+P

No new coins are issued.

• N

Sebeos gives account on the origin of the emerging empire under the Taji of Mehmet which he confuses with the Ma'amad (Mahmud) and which he implies still exists.

• P

15th century records depict Anastasius of Sinai indicating that Muawiya's people behaved like Karaites about this time.

• O

661 Muawiya's Primacy

Muawiya was crowned in Jerusalem. Although Muawiya had used the cross on the Hammat Gader inscription at about this time, the Cross began to be replaced by a pole on the Dirahm marking the rise of the Judaizer faction. Muawiya soon ceased paying tribute to the Byzantine Empire and was perhaps even was converted away from a belief in the Cross.

Treaty

Muawiya of Quraysh forced the Mawali imamates underground and ended the civil wars for 20 years which resumed when the imamate tried to raise its head again upon Muawiya's death in 680. After killing Hussein many Quraysh repented and punished themselves.

Sebeos 660s

Sebeos covers the rise of the Ishmaelies from their Judaization in 622 to the ascendancy of Muawiya.

664

Amr ibn al-As dies. The Coptic Church no longer has any Mawali on their side.

666

Muawiyah praises Lahut but derides Nasut.

680 Yazid I

About the time of Yazid I, the 6th Ecumenical Council of 680/681 approved Dyoenergism and condemned Tritheism.

Led by Macarius then Theophanes of Antioch (681–687) most of Arabia's Old Orthodox Eastern Catholics did not accept the anathematization of Pope Honorius's words. Clinging to Papal Monothelitism they were labelled as Greek Arian-Monothelites.

The Mawali's 4th Imam

The Mawali agreed with Al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi of Kufa that Ali's son Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah should succeed Hussain as the 4th Imam.

680s Ibn-Zubayir (Islamism begins)

In 680 Yazid tried to succeede Muawiya by killing Al-Hosayin. But what is really meant by this? Because Al-Hosayin is exactly how one would say Elkhasaites in Arabic. This reveals the true meaning of the term Ahsana Al-Hadith.

• M+R

Ibn Zubayir captures Heraclius's black stone imperial mandate.

• R

6th Ecumenical Council ends Byzantine Antidyoenergism.

• P

Ex-sassanian Ibn Zubayir is certainly no Karaite. Missing the days of Sassanian authoritarianism he starts discussions over 6th Ecumenical Council decision and extends his Arabized Sassanian Caliphate as far west as Hejaz.

• R

The Umayyads manage to destroy the black stone but Zubayir set the remaining pieces in silver.

• M

684 Marwan

John Maron begins to convert the Maronites who may have been Mawali up to this point.

Interestingly, the name Maron is spelled the same way as the name Marwan in Arabic.

These Old Orthodox Eastern Catholics did accept the council. They made contact with Rome and presented John Maron as their candidate for Eastetn Catholic Patriarch of Antioch. John Maron was approved by Rome in 685 as Rome was unable to reform Patriarch Macarius.

685

Resurgence of Fire-worship as various Arabized Sassanian coins minted are used from Egypt to Iran.

• N

It has been suggested that the word Alevi is Persian for Fire-worshipper and the word Azeri is the Tukic equivalent. They assert that they were originally Old Paulican Gnostics in the Johannite Tradition of Elija (Ali) before they were forced to convert to Fire-worship which is the way they refer to Islam.

• L+O

685 Abdul Malik

685 Mukhtar's Severian uprising in Kufa against Abdul Malik.

686 On 17 July Mukhtar defeats the Umayyads. His supporters are not iconoclasts.

686 Zubayr betrays Mukhtar's Severian and establishes rival Caliphate in Mecca.

684-688 Jacob of Edessa

Jacob, Bishop of Edessa states that Mehagarim in Egypt face Eastern Kaba not South and that Mehagarim in Basra face Western Kaba not South.

687

Zubayr has Mukhtar killed.

In 687 Justinian II set out without Papal approval to enforce the 6th Ecumenical Council and deal with Theophanes and his Arabian "Melkites" of Antioch and All the East, Jerusalem and Alexandria so in 692 Rome split with Greece again but it was too late to win back the support of the Arabs.

Unification

Abdul Malik crushes the Zubayris and establishes "The Arab Religion" (Ishmaelism).

Abdul Malik was the first to attempt to unite all of the Arabs by devising a new Religion for the Arabs by incorporating many ideas even from the 6th Ecumenical Council.

At first he adopted the idea that Jesus was killed on a pole rather than a cross before abandoning all such imagery entirely, perhaps for purely pragmatic reasons of not wanting to upset one party or another. To be a Muslim for him meant to refuse to discuss matters of religious contention but accept vague and ambiguous general statements.

690s Abdul Malik

Abdul Malik be heads Zubayir and becomes king of the Taji. He recognizes no one is Mahmad but Rasulallah on coins but this could just be a reference to himself (having confused the word with Mahmud). He also replaces Gnostic TAU Cross of Calvary with Great. Crux simplex of Calvary because he smashed Heraclius's black Stone Imperial Mandate and does not know the rules. Byzantium recognizes the fraud and war ensues.

• M+N+R

It is interesting to note that Vlad the Impailer set out to make the Muslims horrified by their own Crux simplex to the point that they stopped referring to it. But his plan backfired when the Caliph ordered that the Gospel of Barnabbas be adopted in response.

But Abdul Malik is able to hold his ground and establishes a new iconoclastic "compromise" religion. He subsequently burries his own statue and issues a completely new currency for his Empire unlike Sassa Ian and Byzantine examples.

• M+N+P+O

Dome of the Rock Khanaqah is built in Armenian Church style at the inviolable place of worship but its surahs are not in any modern Quran.

John Nikiu condemns the contemporary Mahamad as the Beast.

• O

690 John of Nikiu

690 John of Nikiu's comment about "the Beast that is Mahamad" may be inspired by the 7 heads of the Ma'amad governing body.

Previously Sebeos and Thomas the Presbyter had reported on the rise of the Tayyaye (Tashih/Tachk/Tajik) as if they were any other political faction in Christendom but John of Nikiu builds on the foundations laid by Sophronius marking a turning point. This will become the general Christian view of Islam (though not so much among Monophysites) into the present.

Hajjaj

Abdul Malik orders Hajjaj to prepare Uthman's book for the composition of the Quran. Hajjaj encourages people to "compose the Quran the same way Gabriel did" using certain materials.

691 Nestorian Catholicos Hananisho

Catholicos, Hnanicho, encountered 'Abd-al-Malik who asked him, 'What do you think of the Arab religion?' to which the Catholicos replied: 'It is a religion established by the sword, and not a faith confirmed by divine miracles, as with the Christianity and like the old law of Moses.' At first Abdul Malik wanted to have his tongue cut out but changed his mind instead to prohibit him from ever seeing him again.

From Abdul Malik's point of view his religion was very tolerant towards the Nestorians and he expected more appreciation.

It is possible the comments of the Catholicos are responsible for Abdul Malik's change in direction.

Abdul Malik removes pole from the Dirham and introduces iconoclasm.

692

The Quinsext Council opens a schism again between Byzantium on one side against the Roman Papacy and the Maronite Patriarchate of Antioch together on the other side.

694 Dome of the Rock

In-keeping with Abu Bakr's and Muawiya's positions, there is no indication anywhere in the Dome of the Rock inscriptions that the Umayyads believed Jesus had escaped death.

Abdul Malik certainly tried to enforce the Dome as the Kaba for his Empire, perhaps hoping no one would notice that most masjids had previously been facing the Negev.

700 Abu HaShem the 5th Imam

Under their 5th Imam, Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah , the Mawali became the Hashimite Alevis.

705 Caucasian Albania

The anti-Chalcedonian clergy of Caucasian Albania convoked a council and anathematized Nerses and his supporters. Elias, Catholicos of Armenia, followed up by writing a letter to Caliph Abd al-Malik notifying him of the political threat that Chalcedonianism was posing to the region. Abd al-Malik arranged for the arrest of Nerses and Spram, who were then bound in fetters and exiled.

After the overthrow of Nerses in 705, the Caucasian Albanian elite decided to reestablish the tradition of having their Catholicoi ordained through the Patriarch of Armenia, as was the case before 590. This event is generally regarded as the abolition of the Church of Caucasian Albania through the loss of its autocephaly, and the lowering of its hierarchical status to that of a subordinate body within Armenian Apostolic Church.

705 Al-Walid I

John of Damascus condemns the contemporary Ma'amad for misleading the Ishmaelites. His use of the term Ma'amad instead of Mahmad evidences a certain depth of knowledge.

• P

706 The "Qibla Wars" Umayyads

Al-Hajjaj's Wassit Masjid is the first to be built to rival the Gnostic Noahite Synagogues.

• M+Q

716 Rise Of The Abbasids

The founder of the Abbasid dynasty was Muhammad Al-Imam who took control in 716. He tried to unite the Mawali and the Sunnis.

Under Abbasid influence a new Quran using materials from the Umayyads "book of the Arabs" and from the Mawali's Ahsana al-Hadith was composed.

Ultimately the Abbasid attempt at egalitarianism backfired. No doubt the Arabs would never have come on board if they felt they did not own the revelation. So the Abbasids granted them that but in the end their attempt to unite the Arabs and Mawali inevitably kept the religious views of Mawali suppressed in exchange for higher social status. Hence the Sufi circles have never really had any regard for Islam.

717 Umar II

In a Letter Sent to the Omeyade Calif Umar II, Leo III the Isaurian wrote :

"It was ‘Umar, Abu Turab and Salman the Persian who composed your Furqan, even though the rumour has got around among you that God sent it down from the heavens…. As for your [Book], you have already given us examples of such falsifications and one knows among others of a certain Hajjaj, named by you as governor of Persia, who had men gather your ancient books, which he replaced by others composed by himself according to his taste and which he disseminated everywhere in your nation, because it was easier by far to undertake such a task among a people speaking a single language. From this destruction, nonetheless, there escaped a few of the works of Abu Turab, for Hajjaj could not make them disappear completely."

This may be why Ali and Salman are so important to the Alawaites. This may also explain why he is said to have translated the Quran into Persian, thus becoming the first person to interpret and translate the Quran into a foreign language. Perhaps in reality the existence of the Quran in Persian was simply explained away by accrediting him as the translator. He is buried in Old Medina.

It seems that Leo III made serious investigations about the Quran. He may have gained his knowledge from the Paulicians of Genesius Timothy whom he protected. He identified key companions by name , and he even knew that Hajjaj The General of Abdel Malik Ibn Marwan intoduced some changes to the Quran, a fact attested in muslim sources like "The Book of Masahif" of Ibn Abi Dawood.

The only way that the Umayyad caliph Umar II could respond to debate was by dismissing the Bible as corrupt and prohibiting Nestorians from studying the Islamic Quran.

740s

John of Maron worked hard to convert the Maronites to dyothelitism and a brief period of Antiochene Eastern Catholic unity followed him until ultimately, in the the 740s, the Eastern Catholic Patriarchy of Antioch decisively split into Maronites and Melkites.

Continuatio Byzantia Arabica reference to Makah in the desert (Tachkastan) which is between Carra and the kingdom of Ur of the Chaldees.

742

Last known Gnostic Noahite Synagogue is built, the Mushatta Palace mosque, in Amman, Jordan.

• Q

747 Pavlikeni

According to Theophanes, seeking asylum, the Gnostic Baptists of Armenia were moved to Thrace, in 747, to strengthen the Bulgarian frontier with a reliable population. They grew to assist Godfrey of Bouillon as the "Publicani" during the Crusades and even establish their own Primate Basil I of Bulgaria in 1186 to crown Asena I and consecrate their "Church of St. Demetrius" in Tarnovo.

750 The Umayyad Retreat

The Abbasids did their best to eradicate any Umayyad legacy. Unwelcome by the Abbasid Exilarch Solomon eldest son of the exilarch Ḥasdai I, many proto-Karaite Umayyads attempted to preserve themselves from the Abbasid wrath in a plethora of odd sects (Sadducees, Boethusians, Ananites, Isunians, Yudghanites, ‘Ukabarites, Mishawites, etc.) while the Judeo-Islamic Umayyads and their Mahamad continued to rule in Cordoba, Spain until the year 1030. The Judeo-Sufi dynasty of Maimonides also arose in Cordoba. Early Spanish copies of the Quran might expose differences between the Umayyad Qurans and the Abbasid Qurans.

781 Timothy I of Baghdad

Nestorian Catholics Timothy I of Baghdad provides us with perhaps the first documented exegesis of the Abbasid Quran.

Many standard Islamic Doctrines seem to have emerged as attempts to respond to Timothy's exegesis.

833 Ibn Hisham's Islamic narrative

• God's Messenger the Angel Gabriel revealed a recitation to a man called Muhammad chosen by God to be his Prophet and Messenger.

The Abbasids began to promote Father Kabsha's Son as their Messiah and changed his title to Mohamed. But to do so they had to diminish the importance of the Gnostic Messiah and in doing so a new religion was born.

Questions

Was the Author Persian?

• Persian forms of the names of Biblical figures such as Jesus (Ieso) and John (Yahia) taken from Mandaic.

• Chinese sources about the Persian leader of the Tashih (Tayyaye/Tachk/Tajik).

• Chinese sources about the Persian leader of the DaShi.

• Corroboration on Tashih as Tachkastan (Land of the Tayyaye/Tajiks) from Sebeos.

• Origin of the name Tachkastan from Tayyaye (Tashih/Tachk/Tajik).

• Corroboration from Thomas the Presbyter on Tayyaye (Tashih/Tachk/Tajik) connection.

• Pronunciation of final D as T.

• Tentative connection of the term Banu Quraysh to Sassanians (Bnei Koreish).

• Relevance of coup activities of the Kurdish Pahlavi faction.

• Connection of the word Sacacen to Kurds and Kurds Parton origins to Siraces.

• Aramaic words in the Quran and possible Aramaic original materials which were used in the Quran.

• Monophysite Christology in the Quran corroborating the Palau Faction's connection to Monophysites

• Arrival of the Arabian Nabi in Medina (the Negev of Beersheba or Wadi Rafidain) as an outsider from the Quraysh of Hira.

• Judaization among Umayyads (Hagarenes) demands knowledge of Jewish communities which were mainly in Persia at the time.

• Ruqiya (Mandaic style incantations)

• The verse "Romans have been defeated" alongside use of Drahma suggests that the author/audience laments the loss of their trade partners and no mention of Sassanians in the Quran is therefore suspicious. (UNLESS taming of Quraysh refers to paying tribute to Kurdish Pahlavi.)

• If the Quran was revealed in Quraysh, why did Zaiyd ibn Thabit have to translate it into Quraysh UNLESS he was trying to change the meaning of the word Quraysh to refer to his own clan?

• Quran was most popular in Kufa (Yufen) where they rejected later Hadith as the Quran commands.

• Kufa was the center of Mukhtar's Mawali.

• Kufic may be older than Hijazi.

• Zubayr introduces Black Stone worship in Makah to impress Nabateans.

Conclusion

Judging by the evidence, the author(s) of the original Quranic materials was(were) most certainly Parthian.

Did the Narrative change?

Foreign teacher Narrative

• The language of the man opponents say is the real teacher of the Quran is called Ajami.

• Sarjis

• Pope Martin

• Sebeos mentions an "on high command"

The Umayyad Sword Narrative

• Doctrina Yacobi "a Prophet does not come with a sword".

• Chinese source 2

• Hananisho it is a religion of the sword not divine revelation.

Sword and Text Narrative

• Chinese source 1

Book Miracle Narrative

• John of Damascus