Two fragments of the ''[[Birkat haMinim]]'' ("Curse on the heretics") in copies of the [[Amidah]] found in the [[Cairo Geniza]] include ''notzrim'' in the [[malediction]] against ''minim.''<ref>''Birkat haMinim: Jews and Christians in conflict in the ancient world'' ed Yaakov Y. Teppler, Susan Weingarten</ref><ref>A. J. M. Wedderburn ''A history of the first Christians'' 2004, Page 245 Cf. Maier, Zwischen den Testamenten, 288: he points out that the reference to the Notzrim is first found in medieval texts; also van der Horst, 'Birkat ha-minim'; SG Wilson, Strangers, 176-83. 8. JT Sanders, Schismatics ...</ref><ref>Herman C. Waetjen The Gospel of the Beloved Disciple 2005 p142</ref>
The renowned antisemite [[R. Travers Herford|Robert T. Herford]] (1903), to concluded that ''minim'' in the Talmud and [[Midrash]] generally refers to [[Jewish Christians]].<ref>Herford ''Christianity in Talmud and Midrash'', 1903 p379 "The theory that the Minim are intended to designate Jewish Christians I regard as having been now conclusively proved. This may be otherwise expressed by saying that wherever the Talmud or the Midrash mentions Minim, the authors of the statement intend to refer to Jewish Christians"</ref>