The Targum of pseudo-Jonathan (to Gen. x. 11) presents Nimrod the cause of Ashur leaving Babel before the building of the tower, to establish Assyria, where he built four other cities, namely, Nineveh, Rehobot, Calah, and Resen (comp. Naḥmanides ad loc.). This exegesis may relate to the two Nimrods of Arabic tradition.
According to another account, when Nimrod was eighteen years old, war broke out between his Hamite kinsmen, the [[פתרסים|Pathrusites]], and the Japhethite [[דדנים|Dodanim]]. The latter were at first victorious placing Ashur in charge of Cana'an, but Nimrod, at the head of a small army of invaders from Casluh, attacked and defeated them and forced Ashur east of the Euphrates out of Canaan. After this he was made king over all the people on earth, appointing Terah his minister. It was then, elated by so much glory, that Nimrod changed his behavior toward Yhwh and became the most flagrant idolater.
When the adult Abraham began to preach against idolatry warning of Nimrod's fall, Nimrod had him thrown into a heated furnace; and it was on this account, according to one opinion, that Nimrod was called "Amraphel" ( = "he said, throw in"; Targ. pseudo-Jonathan to Gen. xiv. 1; Gen. R. xlii. 5; Cant. R. viii. 8). When Nimrod was informed that Abraham had come forth from the furnace uninjured, however, he remitted his persecution of the worshiper of Yhwh.
However, the survival of Abraham did not cause Nimrod to change his conduct; he remained an idolater.
===Nimrod's Dream===
The the survival of Abraham did not cause Nimrod to change his conduct; he remained an idolater. The night following the release of Abraham he saw in a dream a man coming out of the furnace and advancing toward him with a drawn sword. Nimrod thereupon ran away, but the man threw an egg at him; this was afterward transformed into a large river in which all his troops were drowned, only he himself and three of his followers escaping. Then the river again became an egg, and from the latter came forth a small fowl, which flew at Nimrod and pecked out his eye. The dream was interpreted as forecasting Nimrod's defeat by Abraham, wherefore Nimrod sent secretly to kill Abraham; but Nimrod's tower fell and Abraham emigrated with his family to the land of Canaan.
Abraham had warned Nimrod not only of the coming destruction but also subjugation to Elam. However, Nimrod had ignored him. According to the "Sefer ha-Yashar" (l.c.), he at this time acquired the name "Amraphel" in allusion to the fall of his princes during the dispersion.
The destruction of the tower did not change Nimrod's heart and, at the head of a small army, he set out with the intention of punishing his rebellious generals. Ten years later Nimrod , at the head of a small army, came to wage war with Chedorlaomer, King of Elam, who had been one of Nimrod's generals, and who after G-d's dispersion (at the hand of the Dodanim) of the builders of the tower went to Elam and formed there an independent kingdom. Nevertheless, Cherdorlaomer routed and subjugated him. ===Latter days=== Nimrod remained in Shinar where, as a vassal to Cherdorlaomer of Elam, he reestablished part of his kingdom. It was Chedorlaomer, who involved him in the war with the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah, and with whom he was defeated by Abraham near Damascus ("Sefer ha-Yashar," l.c.; comp. Gen. xiv. 1-17) where his son Eliezer joined Abraham.
Nimrod was slain by Esau, between whom and himself jealousy existed owing to the fact that they were both hunters (Targ. pseudo-Jonathan to Gen. xxv. 27; "Sefer ha-Yashar," section "Toledot," p. 40b; Pirḳe R. El. l.c.; comp. Gen. R. lxv. 12).W. B. M. Sel.
The Targum of pseudo-Jonathan (to Gen. x. 11), however, presents Nimrod the cause of Ashur leaving Babel before the building of the tower, to establish Assyria, where he built four other cities, namely, Nineveh, Rehobot, Calah, and Resen (comp. Naḥmanides ad loc.). This exegesis may relate to the two Nimrods of Arabic tradition.
==Bibliography==
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