However, all of these explanations of Maimonides' ruling are difficult and the simple understanding of Maimonides is that (at the least) a person that is capable of forcing compliance, must. Indeed, while Rabbi Karo does appear to limit the application of Maimonides somewhat, he clearly understands Maimonides as requiring compulsion whenever possible, even by an individual.<ref>Kesef Mishnah Mila 1:6</ref> This is similarly understood to be the opinion of Maimonides by Tzafnach Panaich, in his lengthy discussion on this topic.<ref>Rabbi Joseph Rosen, Tzafnach Paneach, Maimonides, Milah 1:6</ref> A ruling similar to Maimonides' is found in Chinuch 192, where it states: "The rule is as follows: In all that the nations are commanded, any time they are under our jurisdiction, it is incumbent upon us to judge them when they violate the commandments." Thus this appears to apply non-Jews who are citizens of a sovereign Jewish entity run according to Jewish Law.<ref>ibid.</ref>

Concerning the Maimonides exclusive use of capital punishment for Noahide violations, most rabbinic authorities disagree and hold that it means "punishments up to and including capital " punishment and that a system of fines is meant to be set up, though Jewish law has no say in the severity of punishments.<ref>[[Capital Punishment in Noahide law]]</ref>

Two important notes must be taken into account when reading this translation. 1) Jewish law does not always follow the Maimonides, and in certain case other opinions are accepted as law. 2) The question as to what constitutes idolatry today, and whether Christianity constitutes idolatry or a lesser form of ''partnership'', is a matter of debate in Jewish law. In any event, Jewish law has never, at any time in our history, suggested that Christians be prosecuted according to these laws.

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<td valign="top">'''14''' In what way must [Noahides] fulfill the commandment to establish courts of justice? They are obligated to set up judges and magistrates in every major city to judge according to the above six laws, to warn the nation [regarding their observance]; A noahide who breaks one of these seven laws -- is executed by decapitation. [alternative: for example: an idolater, or blasphemer, or muderer, or someone who has had one of the sex illicit relations according to [Noahide law], or robbed even the worth of a ''peruta'', or consumed any amount of "torn limb" or "torn meat", or witnessed someone breaking one of these laws, and did not judge and sentance him -- all these people are executed by decapitation.] For this all the inhabitants of Shechem were liable for capital punishment. This was because Shechem kidnapped [someone] and they witnessed this and knew [what he had done], but did not judge him. A Noahide is executed [on the basis of the testimony of] one witness and [the verdict of] a single judge. No prior warning [is required]. Relatives may serve as witnesses. However, a woman may not serve as a witness or a judge [in Noahide law].

:See also: [[Capital ~~punishment~~ Punishment in Noahide law]]</td>

<td align="right" valign="top"><div dir="rtl" lang="HE"><big><b>יד</b> וכיצד מצוין הם על הדינים? חיבין להושיב דינין ושופטים בכל פלך ופלך לדון בשש מצות אלו ולהזהיר את העם; ובן נוח שעבר על אחת משבע מצות אלו -- ייהרג בסיף. [כיצד: אחד העובד עבודה זרה, או שבירך את השם, או ששפך דם, או שבעל אחת משש עריות שלהם, או שגזל אפילו פחות משווה פרוטה, או שאכל כל שהוא מאבר מן החי או בשר מן החי, או שראה אחד שעבר על אחת מאלו ולא דנו והרגו--הרי זה ייהרג בסיף.] ומפני זה נתחיבו כל בעלי שכם הריגה, שהרי שכם גזל והם ראו וידעו ולא דנוהו. ובן נח נהרג בעד אחד ובדיין אחד, בלא התראה, ועל פי קרובים, אבל לא בעדות אשה ולא תדון אשה להם.</big></div></td>

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