== Laws of Kings and their Wars, Chapter 8 ==

Maimonides describes how in every place which falls under Jewish jurisdiction, Noahites must observe the Laws of Noah or face sheol. The Noahites who observe the Laws for intellectual reasons are called Chokhmei of the Umos (HaOlam) but are not awarded Ger Toshav status. If they do this out of faith in the revelation from Sinai then they are considered to be Chassidei Umos HaOlam and are awarded the status of Ger Toshav.

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<td valign="top" width="50%">'''10''' ''[[Moshe Rabbenu]]'' gave the Torah and the commandments as an inheritance only to Israel<ref>See Laws of Kings and their Wars 10:9 where is explains that a non-Jew who studies Torah is worthy of death at the hand of Heaven, under certain conditions.</ref>, as it is written: "[The Torah is...] an inheritance of the congregation of Jacob" (Deuteronomy 33:4). Anyone who wants to may convert from the other nations, as it is written "as with you, [the same shall be] as with the convert" (Numbers 15:15). Anyone who does not wish to is not compelled to accept the Torah and commandments. Instead ''Moshe Rabbenu'' commanded, at the word of the Almighty, to compel all those who come into the world to accept the commandments which were commanded to Noah.<ref>Tosefos Yom Tov (Avos 3:14) writes "as the Rambam writes, we were commanded by Moses [to compel the non-Jews to accept the Seven Laws]. If this applies to compulsion at the point of the sword, with threats of execution,... it surely applies regarding compulsion through persuasion, to lead their hearts to the will of their Creator." The Chasam Sofer (Choshen Mishpat, responsum 85) writes that it is a mitzvah to guide the gentiles in the service of G-d. However some authorities disagree and hold that the obligation is only moral, not a legal requirement, see introduction above.</ref> Anyone who will not accept, receives capital punishment.<ref>In contrast to the guidance mentioned previously, this law only applies when the Jews have undisputed authority of the Land of Israel, See Laws of Kings and their Wars 9:14</ref> One who accepts these [basic laws] is called: ''[[Ger Toshav]]'' in every place.<ref>According to the Rambam, the laws concerning ''Ger Toshav'' only applies when the entire (or majority) of Jewish people live in the Land of Israel (see Laws of Idolatry 10:6) and at that time non-Jews can become a ''Ger Toshav'' in any land. Other authorities disagree and hold that one may become a ''Ger Toshav'' today. Some authorities require the non-Jew to live in the Land of Israel to be considered a ''Ger Toshav''.</ref> It is necessary to receive him in front of three Torah Scholars.<ref>Three Torah Scholars constitute a rabbinical court. Some commentaries have noted that this is the same requirement for a non-Jews conversion to Judaism, inviting comparison between conversion and a "partial conversion" of the ''Ger Toshav''. Other authorities view the requirement to appear before the court as performing a legal, rather than spiritual function, pointing out that here the non-Jew is re-affirming their covenant rather than 'switching' covenants.</ref> And all who have taken upon themselves to circumcise, and twelve months have past without circumcision, behold this person is like a heretic among the nations.<ref>The Rambam, in the Laws of Kings and their Wars 10, outlines the rules governing our relationship with Jews and non-Jews. A distinction is made between non-Jews who uphold a recognized legal system based on the Seven Laws and those who are outside any recognized legal system. A non-Jew who belongs to a nation who has taken on circumcision (generally understood to refer to the Arabs), but fails to do so falls outside the relationship defined by the Seven Laws. Other texts read "this person is like the other nations", which is understood to imply that someone who agrees to circumcise himself, i.e. convert to Judaism, but twelve months elapse without circumcising himself, his original commitment to convert is no longer taken seriously and he reverts to an ordinary non-Jew.</ref>

:See also:''[[The Obligation of Jews to Seek Observance of Noahide Laws by Gentiles]]''</td>

<td align="right" valign="top"><div dir="rtl" lang="HE"><big><b>י</b>  משה רבינו לא הנחיל התורה והמצוות אלא לישראל, שנאמר "מורשה, קהילת יעקוב" (דברים לג,ד), ולכל הרוצה להתגייר משאר האומות, שנאמר "ככם כגר" (במדבר טו,טו). אבל מי שלא רצה, אין כופין אותו לקבל תורה ומצוות. וכן ציווה משה רבינו מפי הגבורה, לכוף את כל באי העולם לקבל כל מצוות שנצטווה נח, וכל מי שלא קיבל, ייהרג. והמקבל אותם, הוא הנקרא גר תושב בכל מקום. וצריך לקבל עליו בפני שלושה חברים. <br>וכל המקבל עליו למול, ועברו עליו שנים עשר חודש ולא מל, הרי זה כמין שבאומות.</big></div></td>

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