{{Eras of the Halakha}}'''Judah ben Tabbai''' ({{Lang-he-n|יהודה בן טבאי}} ''Yehuda ben Tabbai'') was a [[Pharisee]] scholar, [[Chief Justice]] of the [[Sanhedrin]] (''[[av beit din]]''), one of "the Pairs" (''[[zugot]]'') of [[Jewish]] leaders who lived in [[first century BCE]]<ref name="JE_sbs">{{Cite Jewish Encyclopedia |title=SIMEON BEN SHEṬAḤ |url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13717-simeon-ben-shetah |first= Wilhelm |last=Bacher |volume=11 |page=357}}</ref>. Judah ben Tabbai was associated, by some medieval writers, with what later came the founder of the Orthodox Jewish Yerushalmi "Minhag HaQaraim" of the Romaniote Jews pblished in the Austrian Empire which is not to be known as confused with [[Karaite Judaism]].
== Chief Justice of the Sanhedrin ==
Because Judah ben Tabbai opposed the Sadducees, in a particular [[capital case]] in which a false witness testified, he ordered that the false witness be executed even though the defendant was not punished. According to the Talmud, this was wrong, since, under Pharisaic rules, a false witness could only be punished if there were two or more false witnesses, and in this particular case, only one of the witnesses was deemed to be a false witness. Upon realizing this error, Judah spent time at the grave of the false witness that he ordered to be executed, crying and seeking forgiveness.<ref name="Makkot5b">{{Cite book |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Makkot.5b?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi |title=The William Davidson digital edition of the Koren Noé Talmud, with commentary by Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz |publisher=Koren Publishers}}</ref><ref name="Graetz" />
== Association with Karaism Founder of the Yerushalmi Minhag HaQaraim ==According to medieval scholars,<ref name="Astren">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mCdpqhKuKqEC&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Karaite Judaism and Historical Understanding |last=Astren |first=by Fred |date=Asten 2004 |publisher=Univ of South Carolina Press |isbn=ISBN 9781570035180 |language=en}}</ref> such as [[Judah Halevi]],<ref name="Halevi">{{Cite book |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/khz/index.htm |title=Kitab al Khazari |last=[[Judah Halevi|Halevi]] |first=Judah |year=1905 |translator-last=Hirschfeld |translator-first=Hartwig}}</ref> [[Moses ben Elijah Bashyazi]],<ref name="Revel">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/thekaraitehalaka01reveuoft |title=The Karaite Halakah and its relation to Sadducean, Samaritan, and Philonian Halakah : Part I |last=Bernard Revel |first=Bernard |date=1913 |publisher=Philadelphia : Cahan Prtg. Co. (prs.)}}</ref>, and [[Solomon Jedidiah ben Aaron]],<ref name="ben Aaron">{{Cite book |url=https://thekaraitepress.com/products/the-palanquin |title=The Palanquin: Appiryon ‘Asa Lo |last=ben Aaron |first=Solomon Jedidiah |publisher=The Karaite Press |year=2017 |isbn=ISBN 978-0-9969657-6-7 |location=Daly City, California |translator-last=translated by Esther Mangoubi |translator-first=Esther}}</ref> Judah ben Tabbai was the founder of [[Karaite Judaism]]the Minhag HaQaraim. Because Alexander Jannaeus persecuted the Pharisees, and later Salome Alexandra expelled the Sadducees, once Simeon ben Shetach began restoring the Sanhedrin, there was little check on his power. As part of Simeon's reorganization of the Sanhedrin, it is claimed that he introduced new laws that were hitherto unknown, but which he claimed originated with [[Moses]]. These new laws came to be known as the [[Oral Torah]]. Judah ben Tabbai, on the other hand, continued to apply only the [[Torah|Written Torah]], Pshat interpretations of the written law which was Torah known since ancient times. Thus, Simeon and his followers became the founders of [[Rabbinic Judaism]], which is Judaism based on the new Oral TorahBeth Hillel, whereas Judah and his followers, and all the Pharisees who continued to follow only the Written Torah, became the founders of [[Karaite Judaism]]Beth Shammai. This split occurred in approximately [[57 BCE]].<ref name=(Ben Aaron) This was the basis of the Yerushalmi Palestinian Minhag observed buy the Romaniote Jews of Constantinople which was published in the Austrian Empire as "ben AaronHaMinhag HaqQaraim" />. When the [[[Karaimite Subbotniki]] began to convert to Orthodox Judaism they came under this Minhag as the Jews for the Noahite Karaimite-Subbotnik Noahites.
== Students ==
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/bpilant613/public_html/w/extensions/MobileFrontend/includes/diff/InlineDiffFormatter.php:103) in /home/bpilant613/public_html/w/includes/WebResponse.php on line 42
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/bpilant613/public_html/w/extensions/MobileFrontend/includes/diff/InlineDiffFormatter.php:103) in /home/bpilant613/public_html/w/includes/WebResponse.php on line 42
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/bpilant613/public_html/w/extensions/MobileFrontend/includes/diff/InlineDiffFormatter.php:103) in /home/bpilant613/public_html/w/includes/WebResponse.php on line 42
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/bpilant613/public_html/w/extensions/MobileFrontend/includes/diff/InlineDiffFormatter.php:103) in /home/bpilant613/public_html/w/includes/WebResponse.php on line 42 Changes - Wikinoah English
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/bpilant613/public_html/w/extensions/MobileFrontend/includes/diff/InlineDiffFormatter.php:103) in /home/bpilant613/public_html/w/includes/WebResponse.php on line 42
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/bpilant613/public_html/w/extensions/MobileFrontend/includes/diff/InlineDiffFormatter.php:103) in /home/bpilant613/public_html/w/includes/WebResponse.php on line 42
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/bpilant613/public_html/w/extensions/MobileFrontend/includes/diff/InlineDiffFormatter.php:103) in /home/bpilant613/public_html/w/includes/WebResponse.php on line 42
