[[Image:Sir Jonathan Sacks (small).jpg|right]]

'''Sir Jonathan Henry Sacks''' (born [[1948]], [[London]]) is the [[Chief Rabbi]] of the [[United Kingdom]]'s main body of [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] [[synagogue]]s. His official title is ''Chief Rabbi of the [[United Hebrew Congregations]] of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]''.

As well as the spiritual head of the United Synagogue, the largest synagogue body in the UK, he is the Chief Rabbi of most orthodox synagogues, but not the formal religious authority for the [[Federation of Synagogues]] or most of the [[Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations]]. However, he is recognised by the majority of orthodox synagogues throughout the Commonwealth, hence his formal title. In addition the vast majority of UK Jews recognise his wider role as a spokesperson and ambassador for the Jewish community. Sacks is also still recognised as the Chief Rabbi of the Hong Kong Jewish community, a role he was asked to retain after Hong Kong returned from British to Chinese rule.

Rabbi Sacks heads the ''Chief Rabbi's Cabinet'' [http://www.chiefrabbi.org/ra-index.html] consisting of over twenty other rabbis who advise him on a number of areas, such as [[Torah study|Jewish education]], [[Israel]], [[Jewish views of religious pluralism|Jewish-Christian relations]], matters relating to the [[Beth Din]] (Jewish "religious court"), and several other areas of concern to the Jewish community.

Rabbi Sacks had been [[Principal (university)|Principal]] of [[Jews' College]], London, the world's oldest [[rabbinical seminary]], as well as rabbi of the [[Golders Green]] ([[1978]]-[[1982|82]]) and [[Marble Arch]] ([[1983]]-[[1990|90]]) Synagogues in London. He gained [[Semicha|rabbinic ordination]] from Jews' College as well as from London's [[Yeshivat Etz Chaim (London)|Yeshivat Etz Chaim]] (a [[yeshiva]]).

Rabbi Sacks studied [[philosophy]] and obtained the degree of [[Doctor of Philosophy]]. He has also been awarded honorary doctorates from the universities of: [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]; [[University of Glasgow|Glasgow]]; [[University of Haifa|Haifa]]; [[Middlesex University|Middlesex]]; [[Yeshiva University]]; [[University of Liverpool|Liverpool]] and [[University of St Andrews|St. Andrews]], and is an honorary fellow of [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge|Gonville and Caius]] and [[King's College London]].

In September [[2001]], the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] conferred on him a [[Doctor of Divinity|doctorate of divinity]] in recognition of his first ten years in the Chief Rabbinate of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth.

Rabbi Sacks provoked considerable controversy in the Anglo-Jewish community when he refused to attend the funeral service of the late [[Reform Judaism|Reform]] Rabbi [[Hugo Gryn]] and a private letter he had written in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], which some people suggested in translation claimed that Reform Jews are "dividers of the faith", was leaked and published. He rejected demands that he should resign for these comments, claiming to have been using [[Rabbinic literature|rabbinical terminology]]. He did attend a memorial meeting for Rabbi Gryn.

More recently Sacks has been praised for building positive relationships with the Progressive community and notably is the first Chief Rabbi to sit with a Reform Rabbi as a joint President of the Council of Christians and Jews.

In [[2004]], his book "The Dignity of Difference" was awarded the [[Grawemeyer Award]] for Religion.

Rabbi Sacks was knighted in [[2005]].

Also in 2005, Rabbi Sacks visited the Jewish student organization at the [[University of Cambridge]], appearing as a guest of [[Samuel Green (rapper)|Samuel Green]] on the student radio show [[Kol Cambridge]] and taking call-ins.

He was made an Honorary Freeman of the [[London Borough of Barnet]] in September 2006.

==Education==

Rabbi Sacks was educated at St Mary's Primary School and [[Christ's College Finchley]], [[Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge]] (MA), [[New College, Oxford]], [[University of London]] (PhD), Jews' College London and Yeshivat Etz Hayyim London.

==Current positions==

#[[Rabbi]] and Spiritual Leader, [[Western Marble Arch Synagogue]], London (since [[May 1]], [[2004]]).

#[[Immanuel Jakobovits|Jakobovits]] Professor in modern Jewish thought, Jews' College London, [[1982]].

#[[Chief Rabbi]] of the [[United Kingdom]] and Commonwealth (since [[September 1]], [[1991]]).

#Visiting [[professor]] of [[theology]] at [[King's College London]].

#Honorary fellow of [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge]], [[1993]].

#Presentation (Honorary) fellow, [[King's College London]], [[1993]].

==Previous positions held==

#Lecturer in moral philosophy, [[Middlesex University|Middlesex Polytechnic]], [[1971]]-[[1973|3]].

#Lecturer, [[Jews' College]] London, 1973-1982; director of its rabbinic facility, [[1983]]-[[1990|90]]; Principal, [[1984]]-90.

#Visiting professor of philosophy at the [[University of Essex]], [[1989]]-90.

#Sherman lecturer at the [[University of Manchester]], 1989.

#Riddell lecturer at the [[Newcastle University|University of Newcastle]].

#Cook lecturer at the [[University of Oxford]], [[University of Edinburgh]] and the [[University of St Andrews]].

#Visiting professor at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]].

The Chief Rabbi is also a frequent guest on both [[television]] and [[radio]], and regularly contributes to the national press. He delivered the 1990 [[BBC]] [[Reith Lectures]] on ''The Persistence of Faith''.

==View on Noahides==

[http://www.chiefrabbi.org/dd/views.html Source]

==Books by Jonathan Sacks==

#''Traditional alternatives: Orthodoxy and the future of the Jewish people'' (1989)

#''Tradition in an Untraditional Age'' (1990)

#''Persistence of Faith'' (1991)

#''Arguments for the Sake of Heaven'' (1991)

#''Crisis and Covenant'' (1992)

#''One People?'' (1993)

#''Will We Have Jewish Grandchildren?'' (1994)

#''Community of Faith'' (1995)

#''Torah Studies: Discourses by [[Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson]]'' (1996)

#''The Politics of Hope'' (1997 revised 2nd edition 2000)

#''Morals and Markets'' (1999)

#''Celebrating Life'' (2000)

#''Radical Then, Radical Now'' (published in America as ''A Letter in the Scroll'') (2001)

#''Dignity of Difference'' (2002) ([[Grawemeyer Award]] winner)

#''The Chief Rabbi's Haggadah'' (2003)

#''To Heal a Fractured World - The Ethics of Responsibility'' (2005)

==External links==

*[http://www.chiefrabbi.org/ra-index.html About Rabbi Sacks]

*[http://www.chiefrabbi.org/history-index.html History of the position]

*[http://www.chabad.org/search/keyword.asp?kid=194 Articles written by Rabbi Dr. Jonathan Sacks for chabad.org]

*[http://www.chabad.org/library/article.asp?AID=110248 Torah Studies by Rabbi Jonathan Sacks; From the teachings of the Lubavitcher Rebbe]

*[http://www.cceia.org/resources/transcripts/928.html Rabbi Sacks discusses, ''The Dignity of Difference,''] at the [[Carnegie Council]].

==Footnotes==

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