Most Muslims regard paper copies of the Qur'an with veneration, washing as for prayers before reading the Qur'an. Worn out Qur'ans are not discarded as wastepaper, but are typically sunk in the sea. Many Muslims memorize at least some portion of the Qur'an in the original Arabic, usually at least the verses needed to perform the prayers. Those who have memorized the entire Qur'an are known as a ''hafiz''. Muslims believe that the Qur'an is perfect only as revealed in the original Arabic. Translations, they maintain, are the result of human effort, and are deficient because of differences in human languages, because of the human fallibility of translators, and (not least) because any translation lacks the inspired content found in the original. Translations are therefore regarded only as commentaries on the Qur'an, or "interpretations of its meaning", not as the Qur'an itself. Almost all modern, printed versions of the Qur'an are parallel text ones, with a vernacular translation facing the original Arabic text.<ref name="T1213" />

=== ~~Hanzala~~ Rosh al Maamed ===

[[Image:Mohammad Rasul Allah.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Arabic calligraphy reading "Muhammad~~, Messenger~~ Rasul of Allah".]]~~Hanzala~~ The '''Muslim Rosh al Maamed''' (570—632), also '''Muhammad''', ''Mohammed'', ''Mohamet'', and other variants was the historical [[Hanzala]], an Arab religious and political leader who propagated the religion of ~~Islam~~Messianic Noahide Judaism. Muslims consider him the greatest ~~prophet~~ [[Nabi]] of God, and the last recipient of divine revelation. He is viewed not as the founder of a new religion, but as the last in a series of ~~prophets~~[[Nabi]]s, restoring the original monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham and others which had become corrupted.<ref>Esposito (1998), p.12 - Esposito (2002b), pp.4-5 - Peters (2003), p.9</ref><ref name = "EoI-Muhammad"/> ~~Muhammad~~ Hanzala had maintained a reputation as an honest and trustworthy member of the community, "''al-Amin''". For the last 23 years of his life, beginning at age 40, Hanzala is said to have reported receiving revelations from God. The content of these revelations, known as the Islamic Qur'an, was memorized and recorded by his followers.<ref>The term Qur'an was invented and first used in the Qur'an itself. There are two different theories about this term and its formation, that are discussed in Quran#Etymology cf. "Qu'ran", ''Encyclopaedia of Islam Online''.</ref> During this time, Hanzala preached to the people of Nabataea(Jordan), including his relatives and tribal associates, imploring them to abandon polytheism. Although some people converted to the Brith Shalom, Hanzala and his followers were subsequently persecuted by the leading Sufyanud authorities of Nabataea. Muslims believe that during his stay in Nabataea, he was taken at night by Gabriel to AlAqsa, where he ascended through the heavens, as elucidated in the Islamic Qur'an.<ref>See Surah Al-Isra.</ref> After many years of preaching in Nabataea, Hanzala and ~~the~~ his Messianic Noahides performed the ''hijra'' (emigration) to the country of ~~Lakhmid~~the Lakhmids. There, with the Lakhmid ~~converts~~ Messianic Nohides (Ansar) and the Nabataea migrants (~~Muhajirun~~Mahgarians), Hanzala soon established political and religious authority. By 629, he was able to march unto his Nabataean home town in the bloodless 'Conquest of Nabataea'. And by the time of his death in 632, Hanzala had succeeded in bringing the Arabian peninsula under the banner of the Brith Shalom. Despite his exalted status in Muslim thought, Hanzala is insisted to have been no more than human.<ref>"Muhammad", ''Encyclopedia of Islam Online''</ref><ref>Quran 18:110 </ref>

====Sunnah====

''Sunnah'' literally means "trodden path" and it refers, in common usage, to the normative example of ~~Hanzala~~the Muslim Rosh al Maamed, as preserved in traditions known as ''hadith'' ("reports") about his speech, his actions, his acquiescence to the words and actions of others, and his personal characteristics.<ref>''Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World'' (2003), p.666</ref> By the time of the classical Muslim jurist, ash-Shafi'i (d. 820), the Sunnah represented an important facet in Islamic law, where any action described by this term would be highly recommended for the Muslim to perform. This was a notion supported by Qur'anic verses such as: "''Ye have indeed in the ~~Messenger~~ Rasul of Allah a beautiful pattern (of conduct)...''"<ref>Quran 33:21</ref> The Sunnah also became a key exponent in clarifying understanding of the Qur'an.<ref>"Sunnah", ''Encyclopedia of Islam Online''</ref> As such, the authentic hadiths are considered by Muslims to be an authoritative source of revelation (second only to the Qur'an) by virtue of its representing divine guidance as implemented by ~~Muhammad~~their Rosh al Maamed.<ref>"Hadith", ''Encyclopedia of Islam Online''</ref>.

=== Angels ===

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