Their religion was [[Turanian Karaism]].
 
== List of Xiongnu Chanyus ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ NB Chanyu names do not always obey Chinese convention
! Chinese name !! [[Pinyin]]/[[Wade-Giles]] !! [[Guangyun]] !! Personal Name !! Reign !! Note
|-
| colspan="5" |
|-
| [[Touman]] (頭曼單于/头曼单于) || tóumàn/ t'ou-man || || ||240–209 BC
|-
| [[Modu Chanyu|Maodun]] (冒頓單于/冒顿单于) || mòudùn / mou-tun || || || 209–174 BC || a.k.a. Batur (Baγatur) <ref>Hirth F. Sinologische Beitrage zur Geschichte der Turk-Volker. Die Ahnentafel Attila's nach Johannes von Thurocz. Bull. Imp. Acad, series V, vol. XIII, 1900, No 2, pp. 221–261.</ref>
|-
| [[Laoshang Chanyu|Laoshang]] (老上單于/老上单于) || lǎoshàng / lao-shang || || || 174–161 BC
|-
| [[Gunchen Chanyu|Gunchen]] (軍臣單于/军臣单于) || jūnchén / chün-ch'en || || || 161–126 BC
|-
| [[Ichise Chanyu|Ichise]] (伊稚斜單于/伊稚斜单于) || yīzhìxié / i-chih-hsieh || || || 126–114 BC
|-
| [[Uwei Chanyu|Uwei]] || || || ( 烏維/ 乌维) || 114–105 BC
|-
| [[Ushylu Chanyu|Ushylu]] (兒單于/儿单于) || || || ( 烏師廬/乌师庐) || 105–102/101 BC || "Err Chanyu" (underage) <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', 1851, vol. 1, p. 46</ref>
|-
| [[Guilihu Chanyu|Guilihu]] || || || ( 呴犛湖/ 呴犁湖) || 102/101–101/100 BC
|-
| [[Chedihou Chanyu|Chedi]] (且鞮侯)|| || || ( 且鞮侯) || 101/100–96 BC || a.k.a. Quidi, Chedihou
|-
| [[Hulugu Chanyu|Hulugu]] (狐鹿姑單于/狐鹿姑单于) || húlùgū / hu-lu-ku || || || 96–85 BC
|-
| [[Huandi Chanyu|Huandi]] (壺衍鞮單于/壺衍鞮单于) || húyǎndī / hu-yen-ti || || || 85–68 BC
|-
| [[Hyuilui-Juankui Chanyu|Hyuilui-Juankui]] (虛閭權渠單于/虚闾权渠单于) || xūlǘquánqú / hsü-lü-ch'üan-ch'ü || || || 68–60 BC ||
|-
| [[Uyan-Guidi Chanyu|Uyan-Guidi]] (握衍朐鞮單于/握衍朐鞮单于) || wòyǎnqúdī / wo-lu-ch'ü-ti || || ( 屠耆堂/ 屠耆堂) || 60–58 BC
|-
| [[Huhanye Chanyu|Huhanye]] (呼韓邪單于/呼韩邪单于) || hūhánxié / hu-han-hsieh || || Giheushyan <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', 1851, vol. 1, p. 59</ref><br>( 稽侯狦) || 58 – 31 BC <br> 屠耆單于, 58–56 BC <br> 呼揭單于, 57 BC <br> 車犂單于, 57–56 BC <br> 烏籍單于, 57 BC <br> 閏振單于, 56–54 BC <br> [[Zhizhi Chanyu]] 郅支單于, 55 – 36 BC<br /> 伊利目單于, 49 BC ||
|-
| [[Fujulei Jodi-Chanyu|Fujulei]] <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', 1851, vol. 1, p. 86</ref><br>(復株纍若鞮單于/复株累若鞮单于) || fùzhūléiruòdī/fu-chu-lei-je-ti || || Dyaotao-mogao <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', 1851, vol. 1, p. 86</ref><br>( 彫陶莫皋/ 雕陶莫皋) || 31–20 BC || ''"Jodi"'' in Hunnic means "respectful to parents" <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', 1851, vol. 1, p. 107</ref>
|-
| [[Seuxie Jodi-Chanyu|Seuxie]] <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', 1851, vol. 1, p. 86</ref><br>(搜諧若鞮單于/搜谐若鞮单于) || || || Juimixui <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', 1851, vol. 1, p. 86</ref><br>( 且麋胥) || 20–12 BC || Title ''Jodi-Chanyu''
|-
| [[Guia Jodi-Chanyu|Guia]] <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', 1851, vol. 1, p. 87</ref><br>(車牙若鞮單于/车牙若鞮单于) || || || Juimigui <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', 1851, vol. 1, p. 87</ref><br>( 且莫車/挛鞮 且莫车) || 12–8 BC || Title ''Jodi-Chanyu''
|-
| [[Uchjulu Jodi-Chanyu|Uchjulu]] <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', 1851, vol. 1, p. 87</ref> (烏珠留若鞮單于/乌珠留若鞮单于) || || || Nengzhiyasi <ref>R. de Crespigny, ''"Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire"'', Australian National University Faculty of Asian Studies Monographs, New Series No.4, Canberra 1984, [http://www.anu.edu.au/asianstudies/decrespigny/han_xiongnu.html]</ref><br>( 囊知牙斯) || 8 BC – 13 AD || Title ''Jodi-Chanyu''
|-
| [[Ulei-Jodi Chanyu|Ulei]] Hyan <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1851, p. 105–107</ref> (烏累若鞮單于/乌累若鞮单于) || || || ( 鹹/挛鞮 咸) || 13–18 AD || Title ''Jodi-Chanyu''
|-
| [[Yui Shanyu|Yui]] <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', 1851, vol. 1, pp. 108–109</ref> (呼都而尸道皋若鞮單于/呼都而尸道皋若鞮单于) || || || ( 輿/挛鞮 舆) || 18–46 AD
|-
| [[Wudadi Shanyu|Wudadi]]-hou <ref>R. de Crespigny, ''"Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire"'', 1984</ref> || Wudadi|| || (烏達鞮侯/乌达鞮侯) || 46 AD ||
|}
 
===Northern Xiongnu (北匈奴)===
{| class="wikitable"
! Chinese name !! [[Pinyin]]/[[Wade-Giles]] !! [[Guangyun]] !! Personal Name !! Reign !! Note
|-
| colspan="5" |
|-
| [[Punu Shanyu|Punu]] (蒲奴) || Punu || || ||46–48 AD ||
|-
| [[Youliu Shanyu|Youliu]] <ref>R. de Crespigny, ''"Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire"'', 1984</ref> (優留) || Youliu || || || ?–87 AD ||
|-
| [[Northern Chanyu (1st century)|Bey/Bi]] (北單于) || Běi Chányú || || || 88–? AD ||
|-
| [[Yuchujian Shanyu|Yuchujian]] <ref>R. de Crespigny, ''"Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire"'', 1984</ref> (於除鞬單于) || Yuchujian || || || 91–93 AD ||
|-
| [[Feng Shanyu|Feng]]-hou (逢侯) || Feng, a.k.a. Finghey || || || 94–118 AD ||
|}
 
===Hun Rulers===
{| class="wikitable"
! Chinese name !! Data !! Personal Name !! Reign
|-
| colspan="5" |
|-
| Hu, Han-Sie/Hanxie (呼, 韓邪)<br>Di II (第二) 醢落尸逐鞮 || a.k.a. Bey/Bi (KhuKheniy II) of the East partition <br>brought the southern Xiongnu into tributary relations <br>with Han China in AD 50 || ||48–56/55 AD
|-
| Chiu-Fu Yu-Ti<br>(丘浮 尤提) || Chupu-NoTi || ||55/56–56/57 AD
|-
| I-Fa Wu Yu-Ti<br>(伊伐 於 慮提) || ??? || ||56/57–59 AD
|-
| XienTung ShiSuQuTi<br>(醢僮 尸逐侯提) || Shtongsi SuyGhuTi || ||59–63 AD
|-
| <br>丘除車林提 || Kuchi QilinTi || ||63 AD
|-
| HuYeh ShiSuQuTi<br>(湖邪 尸逐侯提) || Ghushi Shisu Quti || ||63–85 AD
|-
| I-Tu-Yi-Lu-Ti<br>(伊屠 於 閭提) || Iltu UluTi || ||85–88 AD
|-
| [[Tuntuhe Shanyu|Tuntuhe]] <ref>R. de Crespigny, ''"Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire"'', 1984</ref> Siuan <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', 1851, vol. 1, pp. 130–134</ref> || XiuLan ShiSuQuTi (休蘭 尸逐侯提) Shulan || ||88–93 AD
|-
| [[Anguo Shanyu|Anguo]] <ref>R. de Crespigny, ''"Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire"'', 1984</ref><br>(安國) || a.k.a. Arqu started a large scale rebellion against <br>the Han || ||93–94 AD
|-
| [[Shizi Shanyu|Shizi]]-hou <ref>R. de Crespigny, ''"Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire"'', 1984</ref><br>(尸逐) || Tindu ShiSuQuTi (亭獨 尸逐侯提) || ||94–98 AD
|-
| Wanchi ShiSuQuTi<br>(萬氏 尸逐侯提) || opposed by...<br>...[[Feng Shanyu|Feng]] a.k.a. Finghey || ||98-124AD <br>98–118 AD
|-
| Wuzhi ShiSuQuTi<br>(烏稽 尸逐侯提) || ??? || ||124–127/128 AD
|-
| [[Xiuli Shanyu|Xiuli]] <ref>R. de Crespigny, ''"Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire"'', 1984</ref> || Kuti NoShiSuChin (去特 若尸逐就){{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}, committed suicide under Chinese pressure|| ||127/128–140/142?
|-
| [[Cheniu Shanyu|Cheniu]] <ref>R. de Crespigny, ''"Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire"'', 1984</ref> || Chu-Xiu ???{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}, popularly elected not from Hunnic dynastic lines || ||140–143 AD
|-
| [[Deuleuchu Chanyu|Deuleuchu]] <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', 1851, vol. 1, pp. 144</ref> || Ghoran, Hu, Lan NoShiSuChin (呼, 蘭 若尸逐就){{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}, pin. '''''Touluchu''''',<ref>R. de Crespigny, ''"Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire"'', 1984</ref> puppet fictitious appointee at the Chinese court || ||143–147 AD
|-
| [[Guiguir Chanyu|Guiguir]] <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', 1851, vol. 1, pp. 145</ref> || Illin, I-Ling NoShiSuChin (伊陵 若尸逐就){{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}, pin. Jucheer;<ref>R. de Crespigny, ''Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire'', 1984</ref> puppet Chinese appointee that escaped Chinese control; incarcerated by Chinese in 158 AD || ||147–158 AD (d. 172 AD)
|-
| [[Tude-joshy-zhuogu Chanyu|Tude-joshy-zhuogu]] <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times'', 1851, vol. 1, pp. 145 (''True name unknown; the Chinese moniker has negative connotation; confirmed by Chinese Court as Chanyu in 172 AD'')</ref> || Dotuk NoShiSuChin (屠特 若尸逐就){{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}, a.k.a. Utno Shisu Quti || ||158–178 AD
|-
| [[Huzheng Chanyu|Huzheng]] <ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times'', 1851, vol. 1, pp. 145</ref> (呼, 徵) || a.k.a. Hu, Ching; Ghuzhin || ||178–179 AD
|-
| [[Qiangqui Chanyu|Qiangqui]]<br>(羌渠) || a.k.a. Qiangquy, Qiangqu,<ref>R. de Crespigny, ''Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire'', 1984</ref> Jiangqu; killed in [[Chuge|Xiuchuge]] Huns rebellion || ||179–188 AD
|-
| [[Yufuluo Chanyu|Yufuluo]]<br>(於扶羅)|| a.k.a. Qizi ShiSuQu (特至 尸逐侯){{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}. The last ShiSu. <br>Homeless puppet Chanyu, overthrown in the Ordos by the unnamed Chanyu of <br>Xiluo 醯落 and Tu'ge 屠各. Led dozens of refugee <br>Xiongnu tribes to Pingyang (平阳) in Shanxi. || ||188–195 AD
|-
| [[Huchuquan Chanyu|Huchuquan]] (呼廚泉)|| Yufuluo's brother,<ref>R. de Crespigny, ''Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire'', 1984</ref> he ruled over the Pingyang Xiongnu <br>after Yufuluo died. || ||195–215/6 AD
|-
| [[Punu Shanyu|Punu]] (蒲奴) || Punu || || ||46–48 AD ||
|-
| [[Youliu Shanyu|Youliu]] <ref>R. de Crespigny, ''"Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire"'', 1984</ref> (優留) || Youliu || || || ?–87 AD ||
|-
| [[Northern Chanyu (1st century)|Bey/Bi]] (北單于) || Běi Chányú || || || 88–? AD ||
|-
| [[Yuchujian Shanyu|Yuchujian]] <ref>R. de Crespigny, ''"Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire"'', 1984</ref> (於除鞬單于) || Yuchujian || || || 91–93 AD ||
|-
| [[Feng Shanyu|Feng]]-hou (逢侯) || Feng, a.k.a. Finghey || || || 94–118 AD ||
|}
* [[Kanishka I]] ca. 127 – ca. 140
* [[Vāsishka]] (ca. 140 – ca. 160)
* [[Huvishka]] (ca. 160 – ca. 190)
* [[Vasudeva I]] (ca. 190 – ca. 230)
* [[Avitohol]], king of the Alans
* [[Malkar]] [[Kyi]], king of the Huns
* [[Kungas]]
* [[Varhran]]
* [[Grumbat]]
* [[Kidara]]
* [[Balamber|Brahmi Buddhatala]]
* [[Baltazár]]
* [[Alypbi]]
* [[Uldin]]
* [[Donatus (Hunnic Khan)|Donatus]]
* [[Charaton]]
* [[Octar]]
* [[Rugila]]
* [[Mundzuk]]
* [[Bleda]]
* [[Attila]]
* [[Ellac]]
* [[Dengizich]]
* [[Ernakh]]
* [[Dzhurash]]
* [[Grod (ruler of the Crimean Huns)|Tatra]]
* [[Grod (ruler of the Crimean Huns)|Grod]]
* [[Mugel]]
* [[Sandilch]]
* [[Houdbaad]]
* [[Kubrat]] [[Aba (family)|Chaba]]
* [[Batbayan]] & [[Asparuh]] father of the [[Tervel]] Kermesians.
* [[Tat-Ugek]]
* [[Ügyek]]
* [[Előd]]
* [[Turul]]
* [[Şilki]]
* [[Almış]]
* [[Árpád]]
* [[Liüntika]]
* [[Tarhos]]
* [[Jelek]]
* [[Jutas]]
* [[Fajsz]]
* [[Zoltán of Hungar|Zoltan]]
* [[Taksony of Hungary|Taksony]]
* [[House of Árpád]]

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