Hani' b. Qabisah b. Hani' b. Mas'ud
Hani' b. Qabīṣah b. Hani' b. Mas'ud also known as Hānīʾ b. Qabīṣa, Ali ibn Abu Talib as well as Abu turab (599-661) is the name given in sources quoted by Abu Ubaidah (scholar) (and confirmed as correct according to Al-Tabari) to the person with whom Al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir deposited his coats of mail, his valuables, and other arms when Al-Nu`man had become fearful of Khosrow II. The lowest estimate of these mailed coats of armour was four hundred, and the highest was eight hundred.[1] Al-Nu'man's fate was the cause of the Battle of Dhi Qar where Hani b. Qabīṣah led the Šaybānī Bakri b. Wāʾil to triumph.[2].
According to Al-Tabari's source, when al-Nu'man killed 'Adi, 'Adi's brother and son hatched a plot against al-Nu'man at Khosrow II's court, and falsified a letter sent by al-Nu'man to Khosrow II exculpating himself with expressions that roused Khosrow II's anger. Hence Khosrow II ordered al-Nu`man to be killed. Therefore al-Nu`man, fearing for his life, deposited his coats of mail, his valuables, and other arms with a certain Hani' because al-Nu`man had given Hani' two of his Nasrid daughters in marriage. Hence Hani was at least originally a Royalist (Nasri) at first even though he later became a Christian (Tsabi) under the influence of Hanzalah ibn Tha'laba and Paul/Gabriel/Dihya ibn Khalifa's Monoenergism through which Hani established an alliance with Heraclius from 619 to 629.
Tabari says that a number of the learned scholars of the Arabs whom Abu 'Ubaydah expressly named, said this was Hani b. Masud b. 'Amir al-Khasib b. 'Amr al-Muzdalif b. AbI Rabi'ah b. Dhuhl b. Šaybān b. Tha'labah b. Sayyar al-'Ijli. However, Al-Tabari tells us that other scholars mentioned by Abu Ubaidah stated that Hani' b. Masud was not alive when these events transpired and that the person in question was Hani' b. Qabīṣah b. Hani' b. Masud. Al-Tabari confirms that it is the latter opinion concerning Hani b. Qabīṣah as the inheritor of Al-Numan's possessions that he considers to be historically correct.
A Tang Chinese source called the Jiu Tang Shiu on the origins of Tachkastan mentions the same event but refers to Hani as a Persian-Camel herder and to Al-Nu'man as the Lion-man. Camel Herder is a reference to the Bakr tribe who were Camel Herders. Lionman is a reference to the Nasara (Scions) of the House of David.
It seems that his Caliph, Paul aka Gabriel aka Dihya ibn Khalifa the Calevite met with Heraclius not long before or after the Battle of Dhi Qar when they established an alliance to overthrow Khosrow II.
B. Qabīṣah vs B. Qabīṣah
When Khosrow II had fled from Bahram Chobin, he passed by another "b. Qabīṣah" called Iyas who gave Khosrow II a horse and slaughtered a camel for him. After Khosrow II had had al-Nuʿman killed, he appointed Iyas b. Qabīṣah as governor over al-Hirah and the other former territories of al-Nu'man to show his gratitude. Khosrow II sent a message to Iyas enquiring where al-Nu'man's deposited possessions were. Iyas replied that al-Nu'man had found a safe refuge for them among the Bakr b. Wāʾil. So Khosrow II ordered Iyas to get possession of what alNu'man had left behind and to forward that on to him.
Iyas sent a message to Hani' telling him to hand over the coats of mail and other items that al-Nu'man entrusted Hani'. But Hānīʾ b. Qabīṣah, refused to hand over to him al-Nuʿmān’s family and armour which he had engaged to protect.
When Hani' withheld these, Khosrow II was filled with anger and declared that he would extirpate the Bakr b. Wāʾil. Subsequently Ḵhosrow II sent armed forces against the Šaybānī leader but these forces were defeated at Ḏhi Qār.
According to Fred Donner, there are thus two sects of Šaybāni, one were on the Muslim side against Persia and one on the Persian side.[3]
Umar told Khaled not to kill anyone who said "Matras".
According to Al-Baladhuri's Futuh, both Hani' b. Qabīṣah and either Iyas or the son of Iyas surrendered Al-Nu'man's former territories to Khalid b. al-Walid's forces in 633CE agreeing to serve him as spies.[4]
Hani' s daughter Bahriyya became the wife of Umar's son Ubayd Allah ibn Umar.
Al-Sari bin Mansur claimed to be Hani's descendant.
Hani appointed Hanzala ibn Tha'laba as the Rosh Ma'amed named first on the list of Arab Kings.
He was murdered by Muawiya in 661 at the age of 62.
Islamic Tradition
In the Standard Islamic Narrative, Hanzalah's Battle of Dhi Qar's victory was claimed by the Prophet of Medina as the first victory enjoyed by the Arabic Medina against Persia being around 622/623/624 near the Battle of Badr.
In the Maghāzī Medina's Nabi is called ibn Abi Kabsha as also in a Bukhari Hadith about Abu Sufyan's encounter with Heraclius refers to the cause of ibn Abi Kabsha meaning Qabisa's Father's Son. The indication is that the Prophet was related to Hani ibn Qabisa.
Ibn Ishaq's version also confirms that the Nabi was a Nabaoti.
References
- ↑ https://static4.emaanlibrary.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Extracted-pages-from-Tabari_Volume_05b.pdf?x60328 p.358-359
- ↑ https://iranicaonline.org/articles/du-qar
- ↑ https://iranicaonline.org/articles/du-qar
- ↑ https://static4.emaanlibrary.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Extracted-pages-from-Tabari_Volume_05b.pdf?x60328 p.359, ft857
