In 1919 they evicted the reformer Seraya Shapshal who fled to Austro-Hungarian Serbia then 9 years later led the [[Polish Karaites]].
Tovia Levi-Babovich moved from Crimea to Egypt in 1934 and until his death in 1956 began to formulate what under the influence of Mordechai Alfandari in Israel has now become the heretical sect known as [[Karaite Judaism]]. He was not removed by the Nazis because the Nazis did not consider the Karaites to be Jews. In fact some Socialist Ukrainian Nationalist Crimean Karaites collaborated with the Nazis to eliminate the [[Karaimites]] who Seraya Shapshal was trying to help.
