According to Beth Shammai Halakhah, Noahism should be nothing but the first step on the path to joining the greater congregation of Israel. As a result, according to Beth Shammai Halakhah, for those who can, circumcision followed by complete Torah observance should be the goal. These points are in sharp contrast to Beth Hillel Halakhah which does believe in salvation for non-Israelites and makes circumcision the last step in conversion. There has always been a subcurrent of Rabbis who have maintained a tradition that Beth Shammai Halakhah will replace Beth Hillel Halakhah during the messianic era. According to [[Harvey Falk|R. Harvey Falk]], Both both Christianity and Islam began as misunderstandings of the Beth Shammai approach.
