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=Introduction=
This project proposes that Islam emerged from the Abbasids re-writing of the history of an attempt by Umayyads to make a proto-Karaite type sense out of Judeo-Gnostic writings in order to unite all Arabs under one religion.
Below is a chronology comprised of possibly relevant events which took place in the two centuries preceeding the Abbasids' work to establish the Islamic religion in the 9th century.
=Religious Background=
The Gnostic Baptists were a proto-Muslim group (very much like the Old-Paulicians of Thrace) and whose Monophysite Acephali religious materials were eventually redacted and even re-written for interpretation by proto-Karaites under the rise of Arabic hegemony to form parts of the Quran.
==Hanifian Tsabis==
Gnostic Baptists have existed in "Arabia Haeresium Ferax" since the 1st century AD. Arabic is one of the tongues used in Acts 2:11 and Gamaliel's student St Paul of Tarsus himself (complemented by [[Yaakov Emden on Noahides|Jacob Emden]]) went to preach among the disciples of John the Baptist in the Arabah. According to the [[Category:Tosafists Approach|Tosafist approach]] of Rabban [[Harvey Falk]] these would have been Messianic Noahite students of Kabbalah. He suggests that the Jewish teachers of such Noahites would have been called Av or "Father" in English.
The earliest reference to these Baptists as a distinct sect from Christians is by the word Sobiai (Sabians) from whom the Elcesaite Jews and subsequent Antisemitic Manicheans emerged. Antisemitic Mandeans are also sometimes considered to be related.
Christians in the Middle East used to refer to all such Gnostics by the derogatory Hebraic-Syriac-Aramaic term "Haniph" and it is possible to refer to their various sects of Gnosticism as "Hanifisms". The exonym was even adopted in the form "Banu Hanifa" meaning Children of Hanifa (where Hanifa refers to Abraham) by the Arabic-speaking Gnostic Baptists of Maslama bin Habib who seem to have somehow been unaware of its pejorative intent.
These Hanifian or Hanifite Sabians seem to have lived by rivers all across the Fertile Crescent. They are sometimes referred to as Abrahamists or even Hanafite Christians. They were the original so-called "Old Paulicians" from whom derived the ancient [[Johannite tradition]] of Hormuz (Ormus) and the wooden Mahomet icon venerated by the Templars.
Their practices were recorded as being very similar to Older Orthodox Christian sects. In particular they practiced a Eucharist and recited the Psaltyr standing, bowing and prostrating during the Liturgical Office Hours of Noon (Zohar), Vespers (Asr), Compline (Maghrib), Night Office (Isha) and Matins (Fajr). They also observed the Nativity Fast of Advent (Ramadan) and pilgrimages in the last week of Lent. Moreover, the first part of the Shahada "La ilaha il Allah" is attributed to them.
Falling under the Gnostic cultural sphere of influence centred on Isfahan, their word for Jesus is Ieso and their word for John is Yahia. These two Gnostic names are the best evidence that Islam did not have simple Arabic origins.
===Notable Gnostic Baptists===
Waraqah ibn Nawfal: became an Adoptionist.
Uthman ibn al-Huwayrith: became an Adoptionist.
Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh: became an Adoptionist.
Zayd ibn Amr: rejected both Judaization and Adoptionism.
Maslama bin Habib: leader of the Banu Hanifa, offered to support the Salaf but was rejected.
Abu Qays ibn al-Aslaṭ: opposed the Salaf.
Abū 'Amar 'Abd Amr ibn Sayfī: a leader of the tribe of Banu Aws at Medina (possibly the Negev of Beersheba where Uthman's Nabatean-Ghassanid-Umayads were once based) and builder of the "Mosque of the Schism" and later allied with the Quraysh then moved to Ta'if and onto Syria after subsequent early Muslim conquests.
Gnostic Baptists were also called Ansari and associated with the Lakhmids or Ibadis of Iraq like Khadijah.
===The Hebrew Term MaHmad (Mehmet)===
The Parthian Gnostic term Mehmet comes from the Biblical Hebrew term Mahmad (מחמד) which as a noun rather than adjective is Israel's "Treasure" mentioned in:
:Hosea 9:6, God's Temple (Mahmad) will be overtaken by nettles
:Lamentations 1:10, God's Temple (Mahmad) will be trampled by the Gentiles
:Isaiah 64:11, God's Temple (Mahmad) is laid waste
:Joel 3:5, God's Temple (Mahmad) will be misappropriated by Gentiles
:and especially Ezekiel 24:16-25 God will take away Israel's Mahmad (God's Temple) as he did Ezikiel's Spouse.
Christian references to Jesus's appearance as the Temple of God occur in:
:John 2:19,
:Matt 27:40,
:Mark 14:58,
:Matt 26:61
:and Rev 21:22
In plural form the Hebrew word Mahmad becomes Mahamadim. This plural form refers to a minimum of three rather than just one nor only a plural of two. Mahamadim is Israel's Spouse, the Bridegroom in Song of Solomon 5:16.
Christian references to Jesus's appearance as the Bridegroom occur in Matt 9:15 and Mark 2:19-20.
It is important to note that neither Bahira, nor Sarjis Ben Saidah, nor Nabi Maslamah bin Habib, nor Nabi Sajah, nor Nabi Tulayha, nor Nabi Abdallah ibn Saad ibn Abi Sarh, nor Nabi Rahman (Al-Aswad al-Ansi), nor even the Dajjalic Nabi Saf nor any of the other Gnostics ever dared refer to themselves as Mahmad being as it was a Biblical Hebrew term for God's Temple. Gnostic Baptists believed only the Messiah's Shubiha to mankind can be considered to be "Mahmad" and rejected everyone else who claimed to be a Mahmad after the Messiah's Shubiha to mankind.
The Arabic Quran makes that clear when it explicitly links AlMasih ibn Marym and Muhammad together when it says:
"And no one is God's Temple but a Ministry before whom all other ministries have certainly passed. So what if the Temple died or was killed? Are you going to turn back on your heels? Even so, he who turns back on his heels will never harm the divine Father at all; but the divine Father will reward the grateful."(3:144)
The ministry implied here is Thanksgiving as made explicit in 61:6.
Gnostic Baptists believed the Father's name had become flesh as the Messiah Jesus Mary's Son Rasul of the Father's '''physical Appearance''' (Divine Temple) which these Baptists called Mahmad (not to be confused with the Arabian Nabi) and so were also referred to as tribes of Mahmad. The term was written Muhmd by Anonymous, Mhmt by Thomas the Presbyter, Mahmet by Sebeos, but may be distinct from the Mahmad of John Nikiu and the Memed by John of Damascus. (see Ma'amad below)
Meanwhile, for Jews the Scriptural term Mahmad as a noun really only referred to the Temple and its treasures, not the appearance of Jesus. But it seems some Jews were willing to allow Jesus to be a Mahmad for the Gentiles.
===Targum Musalamai===
Concerning the term "Muslim" which means "submitter", it should be noted that in the Torah, everywhere the word "Kenite" is used, it is translated to Aramaic by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkelos Onkelos] as Salamai or Muslamai or Musalamai. Some suggest this refers to the great numbers of non-Jewish believers who came to sacrifice the Qurban Shlamim in Jerusalem together with the Jews indicating an origin as Gerim from Herodian Times.
===Hagarenes (Muhajiri/Mhegraye)===
Gerim or Ha-Garim is the term used in the Torah for such believers and seems to be the origin of related exonyms such as Hagarenes.
===Noahism===
It should be emphasised that the religion of Ha-Garim or Musalamai would have been Noahite Judaism but not necessarily also Hanifism. Nevertheless, the Gnostic Believers and other Noahite Jews were all united for at least a short while under the Spiritual guidance of Abrahamite Jews like [[Kaʽb al-Aḥbār]] during their leaders' struggle to carve out an empire and then later most of them merged to form a new religious community.
It should be noted that most of the Quranic Materials are of Gnostic (Mubeen) origin and in them the Gnostic believers distinguished themselves slightly from those with whom they had a covenant of peace who they called Musulman while warning that such Arabs were most prone to hypocrisy and disbelief.
===Mishna===
The Jewish leadership for Noahites could explain how some of the Mishna entered into the Quranic materials such as for example reference to the seven Mesani meaning the Sheva Mitzvot of Noah:
Surat Al-Hijr 15.87 "And We have bestowed upon thee the Sheva Mitzvot and the Grand Qur'an."
Surat Az-Zumar 39.23 "Allah has revealed the most beautiful Message in the form of a Book, consistent with the Sheva Mitzvot."
This is what the Mishna refers to as the religion of Noah which is confirmed in Surat Ash-Shura 42.13, "He has laid down the same religion for you as He enjoined on Noah: that which We have revealed to you and which We enjoined on Abraham, Moses and Jesus: 'Establish the religion and do not make divisions in it.' What you call the associators to follow is very hard for them. Allah chooses for Himself anyone He wills and guides to Himself those who turn to Him."
===Ma'amad / Mahamad / Mahmud===
The Judeo-Gnostics were certainly led by a Jewish Council called Ma'amad (מַעֲמָד meaning Office/Support/Status/Class/Position) more commonly pronounced Mahamad which is a unique type of Jewish leadership described in the Talmud a little bit like a mini-Sanhedrin.
The policy of the ma'amad tended to be conservative and authoritarian in the extreme.
On completion of its term of office the ma'amad itself appointed its successors (Khalifat).
Kaʽb al-Aḥbār certainly represents at least one of the probably 7 heads of the Mahamad.
The current London Mahamad has 5 heads.
Sebeos seems to confuse this Ma'amad with the Gnostic Mehmet.
In the Quran, the Ma'amad is referred to by name only once as Mahmud (Noble) to distinguish it from Mahmad (the Temple).
=Hanifism and Hagarism merge as Islam=
It is suggested that Ali and Salman the Persian were Gnostic Mullas while Abu Bakr, Umar and the Umayyads preferred to promote a proto-Karaite imitation of a Jewish Ma'amed (see explanation below) for the religious guidance of the Arabs.
As a result of the Umayyad influence on the Gnostics, by the end of the 7th century a religion (very much like that of the Neo-Paulican Tondraki of Armenia) took hold among Abu Hashim's Sufis from whom the Abbasids' Islamic religion emerged.
==The Tyranny of Khosrau II==
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