The Monophysite-leaning Parthian Mawali religion was Sabian-Saracen Hanifism (Paulician) but the Arabs practiced Ishmaelite-Judaic Hagarism (Tondraki). The standard narrative makes the Arabs Lords over the Mawali. However, in this thesis it is proposed that the Mawali were a competing non-Arab proto-Muslim group whose Monophysite religious materials were eventually redacted and interpreted by Judaizers under the rise of Arabic hegemony to form parts of the Quran. Ali and Salman the Persian were significant leaders of the Mawali. Umar's Ma'amed best represents the Arabs. It is suggested that the Mawali may have been the original Lords over the Arabs but their story was changed to fit with the new hegemony. The word Mawla means Lords but the standard narrative interprets it as Mawlāʾī meaning Lord's. It may derive from the Hebrew term Melewi referring to non Israelites who were grafted into the priestly families.