"At times the first Arab conquests were led – in a noteworthy paradox – under a flag bearing a cross" (Alichoran, 1996: 86)
===Censorship===
In 634 Heraclius forbade further discussion of energism.
===634 Umar===
The Nestorians made a second approach this time by Ishoʿyahb himself to the caliph ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab (634–44). ʿUmar is said to have granted the Church of the East a charter of protection.