Difference between revisions of "המשולמים"

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According to [[rabbinic Judaism]], as expressed in the [[Talmud]], the Noahide Laws apply to all humanity through mankind's descent from one paternal ancestor who in Hebrew tradition is called [[Noah]] (the head of the only family to survive during [[Deluge (mythology)|The Flood]]). In Judaism, בני נח ''[[B'nei Noah]]'' ([[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], "Descendants of Noah", "Children of Noah") refers to all of mankind.
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'''Hagarim''' (Hagarenes) are the non-Isaacite children of Abram's promise. They are the children of Abram's second wife Keturah (a.k.a. Hagar meaning literally "The Stranger") according to their 7 nations, '''Ishmael''', '''Zimran''', '''Ishbak''', '''Shuah''', '''Medan''', '''Midian''' and '''Jokshan'''. Though they travelled far and wide, their base was Petra which used to be called Hagar. Their guardian angel "Ra El" became known to the Egyptians simply as Ra. Wherever they were found, levites were found with them. In the Crimea they were called Sebomenoi, but later became known as Subbotniks, Molokans and Gerei in southern Russia, while their levites became the Karaites.
  
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In Jewish tradition, the terms ''Ben Noach'' - Son of Noah or ''Bat Noach'' - Daughter of Noah is used to refer to a generic human being.  There are seven [[noahide laws]] that are applicable for all humanity, regardless of culture or ethnicity. Technically the term ''Ben Noach'' or ''Bat Noach'' does not necessarily mean that an individually keeps the [[noahide laws]], however in most modern usage this is implied. Orthography: People familiar with the Hebrew letter 'ח' - Khet usually spell the word NOACHIDE, otherwise it is spelled often NOAHIDE for the convenience of English speakers.
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There are two kinds of Hagarim. '''Toshavim''' are those Hagarim who are not circumcised as well as all female Hagarim. '''Jagurim''' are those Hagarim who enter into the covenant of Isaac and are circumcised upon the 8th day. While the Toshavim are allowed to visit the land of Israel, only the Jagurim are allowed to settle there. Toshavim are called children of Abram, while Jagurim are called children of Abraham. Isaac is unique among all those in the Federation of Abraham in that only Isaac is circumcised upon the eighth day after his physical birth.  
  
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==Classical Definition==
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Toshav status is not inherited, and their children may be purchased as slaves by Jagurim. Thus the practice of initiating Babies into Toshavut through officially witnessed baptism spread amongst them. Jagurim who give up on their religion are called Edomites. Israel-hating Edomites are exactly equivalent to the accursed Amalekites and are excomunicated from the children of Abram's promise altogether.
  
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[[Judaism]] holds that [[gentile]]s (''goyim'' "non-Jews [literally 'Nations']") are not obligated to adhere to all the laws of the Torah (indeed, they are forbidden to fulfill some laws, such as the keeping of the [[Shabbat|Sabbath]] in the exact same manner as Israel  {{fact}}). Rabbinic Judaism and its modern-day descendants discourage [[Proselyte|proselytization]]. The Noahide Laws are regarded as the way through which non-Jews can have a direct and meaningful relationship with God or at least comply with the minimal requisites of civilization and of divine law.
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Some tribes of Hagarim circumcise their males after the first year of puberty, though this is a convention and not a law since some of their males do die before circumcision.
  
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A non-Jew who keeps the Noahide Law in all its details is said to attain the same spiritual and moral level as Israel's own [[Kohen Gadol]] (high priest) (Talmud, Bava Kamma 38a). [[Maimonides]] states in his work [[Mishneh Torah]] (''The laws of kings and their rulership 8:11'') that a [[Ger Toshav]] who is precise in the observance of these Seven Noahide commandments is considered to be a ''Righteous Gentile'' and has earned a place in the world to come. This follows a similar statement in the [[Talmud]] (tractate Sanhedrin 105b). However, according to Maimonides, a gentile is considered righteous only if a person follows the Noahide laws specifically because he or she considers them to be of divine origin (through the [[Torah]]) and not if they are merely considered to be intellectually compelling or good rules for living.<ref>[[Mishneh Torah]] ''Shofitm'', ''Wars and Kings'' 8:14</ref>
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'''Toshav Hagarim''', as uncircumcised visitors (Toshavim), are equivalent to the Children of Noah. An uncircumcised resident (Ger) of the courts is an official "Ger Toshav" and one of the Tzadikei Umot Ha Olam. In the Quran these belong to the Sons among the Mursaleen (Mursals) of Yukhashin Bet welcomed into the sabbath rest. The Hassidei Umot Ha Olam are unofficial Gerei Toshavim excluded from Israel's sabbath. In the Quran these are called Mumineen (Mumins) of Yukhashin Gimmel.
  
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Noahide law differs radically from the Roman law for gentiles (''Jus Gentium''), if only because the latter was an enforceable judicial policy. Rabbinic Judaism has never adjudicated any cases under Noahide law (per Novak, 1983:28ff.), although scholars disagree about whether the Noahide law is a functional part of [[Halakha]] (cf. Bleich).
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Only '''Jagur Hagarim''' are permitted to eat of the Pascal Feast Offering.
  
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==Modern Usage==
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This system has been called Hagarism, and there are special laws mentioned in the Torah that apply only to Hagarim. Jews classify these laws as the covenant of Noah, though their interpretation of this law is different from the rest of Israel's interpretation. There are seven categories just as there are seven nations of Hagarim.
  
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In recent years, ''Noahide'' has come to refer to non-Jews who strive to live in accord with the seven Noahide Laws; the terms "observant Noahide" or "Torah-centered Noahides" would be more precise but are infrequently used. The [[rainbow]], referring to the Noahide or First Covenant (Genesis 9), is the symbol of many organized Noahide groups. A non-Jewish person of any ethnicity or religion is referred to as a ''bat'' "daughter" or ''ben'' "son" of Noah, but most organizations that call themselves בני נח are composed of gentiles who  are keeping the Noahide Laws.
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'''Idolatry'''
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:A resident shall not follow after any Nochri gods & their abominations {{Bibleverse||Deut|29:09-30:20|31|}}
  
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According to the [[Tanach]], '''B’nei Noah''' literally the children of [[Noah]]<ref> Just as the term "Children of Israel" not only represents a people (in the case of the Children of Noah the entire World) it also means that those identified with this term hold to a common ideology. The term "B'nei Noah", therefore, represents not only physical descendants of Noah but also "spiritual" descendants.</ref> are descendants of [[Noah]] the only survivor of the flood that destroyed all of humanity. Noah’s children [[Shem]], [[Ham]], and [[Japheth]] along with their wives and Noah’s wife [[Naamah]] also survived the flood aboard the ark. Once the survivors were able to leave the ark for dry ground they began to start new families and rebuild the earth. The story of [[Noah]] culminates in the promise of God to [[Noah]] that he would never again destroy the world through a flood. The sign of this promise was the [[rainbow]]<ref>Among the Jewish people and B'nei Noah this rainbow is a sign of the Noachide covenant. Man's part of this covenant is to obey the seven universal laws given to Noah by God. For more information on the Noahide Covenant see: [[http://www.highcouncilofbneinoach.com/resources/Articles/A_Brief_Introduction_to_the_Noahide_Covenant.aspx "A Brief Introduction to the Noahide Covenant"]]</ref>
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'''Immorality'''
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:The resident '''Hagar''' shall not practice any of the abominations of the Egyptians & Canaanites {{Bibleverse||Lev|18:03-26|31|}}
  
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==The Laws of Adam==
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'''Blasphemy'''
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Along with the promise of new life God reestablished the six laws originally given to [[Adam]]<ref> See Hilchot Melachim</ref> in the garden (prohibition against [[idolatry]],<ref> The prohibition against idolatry is more complex than it may first appear. For a fuller examination of the complexities regarding idolatry see[[http://www.noahidenations.com/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=164&Itemid=38 Idolatry]] and
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:'''Hagar''' {{Bibleverse||Num|15:30-31|31|}} / a resident {{Bibleverse||Lev|24:16|31|}} shall not blaspheme.  
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[[http://www.highcouncilofbneinoach.com/resources/Articles/Idol_Chatter.aspx Idol Chatter]]</ref> blasphemy, theft, murder, illicit sex and the command to establish courts of justice) and added a new law, the prohibition of eating the limb of a living animal.  
 
  
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==Universal Obligation==
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'''Bloodshed'''
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Because these laws were given to the new first family of humanity all human beings are obligated to fulfill them. These laws are discussed throughout the [[Talmud]] most notably in [[Sanhedrin 56a]]. The Medieval sage [[Rabbi Moshe Ben Maimon]] (the [[Rambam]]) collected all of the decisions in the [[Talmud]] and [[halachic]] decisions in his time and laid them out clearly so that everyone would know their obligations. The [[Rambam]] called this great work the [[Mishnah Torah]].  
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:The '''Children of Noah''' {{Bibleverse||Gen|9:6|31|}} and any resident {{Bibleverse||Lev|24:17-22|31|}} under pain of recompense shall not engage in bloodshed (but the victim who foregoes recompense shall be expiated from sins).  
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:The resident '''Hagar''' shall not practice infanticide (worship Molech) {{Bibleverse||Lev|20:02|31|}}.
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:Either resident or visitor among the children of Israel guilty of accidental manslaughter may flee to any of the six levite cities of refuge {{Bibleverse||Num|35:15|31}}.  
  
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Not only were the Jewish Laws recorded with their explanations in the [[Mishnah Torah]], but the [[Noachide Laws]] were also collected with their explanation in the [[Rambam]]’s great work in [[Sefer Shoftim]] in the last book [[Hilchot Melachim U’Milchamot]].
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'''Misapproptiation'''
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:'''Hagar''' who are in your courts shall not misappropriate the time of celebrating to Ton Theon throughout the week of Sukkot for any other purpous {{Bibleverse||Deut|16:14|31}}.
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:Your resident who is in your courts shall not misappropriate the time of standing in devotion to Ton Theon on the Day of Assembly in the Sabbatical week of Tabernacles for any other purpous {{Bibleverse||Deut|31:12|31|}}.
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:The resident '''Hagar''' shall not misappropriate the time of standing for atonement to Ton Theon on Yom Kippur for any other purpous {{Bibleverse||Lev|16:29|31|}}.
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:'''Hagar''' who are in your midst shall not misappropriate the time of rejoicing to Ton Theon on the feast of Pentecost for any other purpous {{Bibleverse||Deut|16:11|31|}}.
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:A resident shall not deprive anyone of compensation for damages {{Bibleverse||Lev|24:18-22|31|}}
 +
:Either resident or visitor shall not deprive Israelites of contract rights {{Bibleverse||Lev|25:47-55|31|}}.
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:'''Hagar''' who are in your midst shall not deprive Ton Theon of the offerings of the first fruits after immigration {{Bibleverse||Deut|26:1-11|31|}}.
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:'''Hagar Yagur''' shall not misappropriate Aaron's rights in offering a sacrifice or burning an offering by not bringing it to the tent of meeting to offer {{Bibleverse||Lev|17:8-9|31|} but '''Hagar''' {{Bibleverse||Lev|22:18-25|31|}} and a resident '''Hagar''' {{Bibleverse||Num|15:15-16|31|}} & {{Bibleverse||Num|15:22-29|31|}} shall bring any free-will, vow, or sin offerings to the Aaronites to make atonement on the altar, and shall follow the same rules as the Qehilat of Israel outlined in Deut 12:13-16 with regards to them.
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:A visitor shall not misappropriate a portion to eat of the Pascal Feast Offering {{Bibleverse||Ex|12:45|}}
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:A resident '''Yagur''' family whose males have not been circumcised shall not misappropriate a portion to eat of the Pascal Feast Offering {{Bibleverse||Ex|12:48}} because one set of rules apply to the homeborn and to the resident '''Hagar''' {{Bibleverse||Ex|12:49|}}.
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:The resident '''Hagar''' {{Bibleverse||Lev|17:10-14|31|}} and the '''Children of Noah''' {{Bibleverse||Gen|9:4-5|31|}} shall not misappropriate Ton Theon's compensation for sins by consuming blood but must remember to drain & bury the blood of any edible game ever caught.  
  
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==The Great Renewal==
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'''Diet'''
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Over the last two thousand years since the expulsion of the [[Jewish]] people from the land of [[Israel]] adherents to the [[Noachide laws]] have been sparse if non-existent. Due to the heavy persecution of the [[Jewish]] people those not born as [[Jews]] often chose to convert rather than simply observe the [[Noachide Laws]].  
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:A resident shall not posess Chametz throughout the pascal week {{Bibleverse||Ex|12:19|31|}}.
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:Your resident who is in your courts {{Bibleverse||Deut|14:21|31|}} may be donated Nevelah for eating ONLY IF IN NEED, BUT a resident MUST observe the proper purification ritual after eating any kind of Taref/Traif/Treif in order to be blameless {{Bibleverse||Lev|17:15|31|}} and avoid death if s/he enters the sanctuary or eats any sacrifice (Rashi; see {{Bibleverse||Leviticus|15:31|31|}}).  
  
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With the regathering of the [[Jewish]] people to their land it has been possible for people to once again observe the [[Noachide Laws]]. Today a modern movement of adherents of the [[Noachide law]] exists; calling themselves [[B'nei Noah]] or [[Noahides]] in honor of [[Noah]] their ancestor who received these laws from God.
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'''Legal rights'''
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:A resident '''Yagur''' has the right to keep the passover but only according to the laws {{Bibleverse||Num|09:14|}} because one set of rules apply to the resident and to the homeborn.
 +
:A resident '''Hagar''' has the right to be chosen to carry the red Heifer ashes for a water of sprinkling, but MUST observe the proper purification ritual {{Bibleverse||Num|19:10|}}.
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:A resident {{Bibleverse||Exod|12:19|}} / a resident '''Hagar''' {{Bibleverse||Num|15:15|}} has the right to be regarded as brethren in the Qehilat of Israel.
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:'''HaToshavim Hagarim''' have the right for their children to be, or to have themselves, permanently contracted to a Jewish family and not be ruled over with rigour if regarded as brethren in the Qehilat of Israel {{Bibleverse||Lev|25:46|}}.
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:A resident {{Bibleverse||Ex|22:20|}} / '''Hagar''' {{Bibleverse||Ex|23:9|}} {{Bibleverse||Deut|10:19|}} / resident '''Yagur''' {{Bibleverse||Lev|19:33-34|}} / your resident who is in your courts {{Bibleverse||Deut|24:14|}}, all have the right to loving unopressive treatment from Jews especially if a hired help if in need.
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:Your resident who is in your courts {{Bibleverse||Ex|20:09|}} & {{Bibleverse||Deut|05:13|}} / '''Hagar''' {{Bibleverse||Ex|23:12|}} unlike Areilim and have the right to enjoy proper rest on the Sabbath.  
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:A resident and a visitor have the right to exemption from being charged interest by Jews {{Bibleverse||Lev|25:36-37|}}
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:A resident has the right to a just hearing of cases before the Shoftim {{Bibleverse||Deut|1:16|}}, {{Bibleverse||Deut|24:17|}}, {{Bibleverse||Deut|27:19|}}.
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:Your visitor '''Hagarim''' have the right to eat of Jews' statuatorily unharvested Sabbatical year produce {{Bibleverse||Lev|25:6|}}.
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:A resident has the right to field corners & Mandatorily Ungleaned & forgotten harvest & fallen fruit in Jews' fields {{Bibleverse||Deut|24:19-21|}}, {{Bibleverse||Lev|19:9-10|}} {{Bibleverse||Lev|23:22|}}.
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:'''Hagar''' {{Bibleverse||Deut|14:29|}} / a resident {{Bibleverse||Deut|26:12-3|}} have (along with Israel's Levites, Asuphim & Widows) the right to feast in the courts (BetheiDin) of Israel's tithe in the end of every third year.
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:'''Hagar''' who are in your midst has the right to replace the unfaithful {{Bibleverse||Deut|28:43|}}.
  
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Although relatively a new movement [[B’nei Noah]] has already made serious strides in developing their emerging community. Although a new movement Noachides recognize the impact of the Noahide Laws on America. Not only has this impact been recognized by Noahides but even former Presidents Ronald Reagan and George Bush officially recognized the roots of American government in the Noahide Laws.<ref>[[http://www.noahidenations.com/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=216&Itemid=38 Public Law 102-14, H.J. Res 104]]</ref>Recently a [[High Council of B’nei Noah]] was formed by the nascent [[Sanhedrin]] to aid in the development of the laws and the community.
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Just like the Muslim's Ahadith, the Jewish Mishnah has a lot in it that agrees with the rest of Israel's Torah. TY Yevamot 8:1 (44a) indicates that a Ger Toshav can take the whole of Torah upon his shoulders and even be baptized without joining the circumcision. Avodah Zarah 65a indicates that one need not stand before an Israelite House of Din in order to be recognised as a Ger Toshav. However, somesources indicate that an official Toshav (i.e. a Jagur) must be circumcised within 12 months or be labelled an idolater.
  
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==See Also==
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"Who is a ger toshav? Whoever has resolved to convert and has renounced idolatry but who still has not actually converted. We allow him twelve months to do so. This applies to a ger toshav, but as for a gentile it is forbidden for him to dwell among Jews and to work on the Sabbath lest the Jews learn from his deeds" (Tannaitic text published 40 years ago called MRE, sec.20, 374. See P. Yeb 8.1 / Also referenced by the Saadyah Gaon ca. 1000)
  
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'''History'''
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An amora explains that the passage in TB A"Z 65a quotes a tannaitic source who says that a Ger Toshav who is not circumcised within 12 months loses his status of Ger Toshav is referring to a Ger Toshav who accepted to circumcize himself.  In other words, if such a Ger Toshav does not fulfill the conditions of his acceptance then his acceptance is nullified.
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* [[Origin]]
 
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* [[Seventy nations]]
 
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* [[History]]
 
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* [[Recent developments]]
 
  
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'''Law'''
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This then seems to be the basis for the Amoraic statement that a "Ger toshav" who has not been circumcised within twelve months is considered to be a confirmed idolater. Thus we see that even in the Talmudic period the absolute separation between the ger toshav and the ger tzedeq was not consistently held. A good case can be made that generally in the Biblical period, and even in the early rabbinical period, the ger toshav was in fact considered a potential Ger Tzediq. (B. AZ 65a., Only Meiri, 256, codifies this opinion)
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* [[Definition of Noahides]]
 
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* [[The Seven Laws]]
 
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* [[Subdividing the Seven Laws]]
 
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* [[Halakha]] - Jewish Law
 
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* [[Legal Rulings]]
 
  
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'''Interfaith & Intrafaith'''
 
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* [[Jewish views of religious diversity]]
 
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* [[Ger Toshav]]
 
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* [[Ger Tzedek]]
 
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* [[Other religions as Noahide|Other religions as potentially Noahide]]
 
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* [[Islam]]
 
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* [[Christianity]]
 
  
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'''Resources'''
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*The '''Alnabi Alpha''' Priestly marriage group
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* [[Approaches]]
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:Zaddokite Fathers ([[Desposyni]], eg, John the Baptist, The British Royal Family)
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* [[Leaders]]
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:Kohen Fathers
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* [[Maillists]]
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:Levite Fathers
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* [[Publications]]
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:Israelite women only
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* [[Websites]]
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*The Lesser '''Mursal Beta''' 144,000/Mahomed/Saint/Clerics/Azwajrasul/Electorate/Elijahs consisting of
 +
:Khalalim
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:Levite women only
 +
:Israelites promoting '''[[Neitzeruth]]'''
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:Resident (геры) Jagur Hagarene (Brothers only)
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:People under contract
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*The Countless '''Mumin Gimmel''' Mixed Multitude of Plebesite Laity consisting of
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:Mamzers
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:Israelites of unknown paternal lineage
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:Visitor (Tsabi) Hagarene
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:People under contract
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:Foundlings
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:Tricksters (Ahlulkitaab)

Revision as of 18:37, 19 November 2006

Hagarim (Hagarenes) are the non-Isaacite children of Abram's promise. They are the children of Abram's second wife Keturah (a.k.a. Hagar meaning literally "The Stranger") according to their 7 nations, Ishmael, Zimran, Ishbak, Shuah, Medan, Midian and Jokshan. Though they travelled far and wide, their base was Petra which used to be called Hagar. Their guardian angel "Ra El" became known to the Egyptians simply as Ra. Wherever they were found, levites were found with them. In the Crimea they were called Sebomenoi, but later became known as Subbotniks, Molokans and Gerei in southern Russia, while their levites became the Karaites.

There are two kinds of Hagarim. Toshavim are those Hagarim who are not circumcised as well as all female Hagarim. Jagurim are those Hagarim who enter into the covenant of Isaac and are circumcised upon the 8th day. While the Toshavim are allowed to visit the land of Israel, only the Jagurim are allowed to settle there. Toshavim are called children of Abram, while Jagurim are called children of Abraham. Isaac is unique among all those in the Federation of Abraham in that only Isaac is circumcised upon the eighth day after his physical birth.

Toshav status is not inherited, and their children may be purchased as slaves by Jagurim. Thus the practice of initiating Babies into Toshavut through officially witnessed baptism spread amongst them. Jagurim who give up on their religion are called Edomites. Israel-hating Edomites are exactly equivalent to the accursed Amalekites and are excomunicated from the children of Abram's promise altogether.

Some tribes of Hagarim circumcise their males after the first year of puberty, though this is a convention and not a law since some of their males do die before circumcision.

Toshav Hagarim, as uncircumcised visitors (Toshavim), are equivalent to the Children of Noah. An uncircumcised resident (Ger) of the courts is an official "Ger Toshav" and one of the Tzadikei Umot Ha Olam. In the Quran these belong to the Sons among the Mursaleen (Mursals) of Yukhashin Bet welcomed into the sabbath rest. The Hassidei Umot Ha Olam are unofficial Gerei Toshavim excluded from Israel's sabbath. In the Quran these are called Mumineen (Mumins) of Yukhashin Gimmel.

Only Jagur Hagarim are permitted to eat of the Pascal Feast Offering.

This system has been called Hagarism, and there are special laws mentioned in the Torah that apply only to Hagarim. Jews classify these laws as the covenant of Noah, though their interpretation of this law is different from the rest of Israel's interpretation. There are seven categories just as there are seven nations of Hagarim.

Idolatry

A resident shall not follow after any Nochri gods & their abominations Deut 29:09-30:20

Immorality

The resident Hagar shall not practice any of the abominations of the Egyptians & Canaanites Lev 18:03-26

Blasphemy

Hagar Num 15:30-31 / a resident Lev 24:16 shall not blaspheme.

Bloodshed

The Children of Noah Gen 9:6 and any resident Lev 24:17-22 under pain of recompense shall not engage in bloodshed (but the victim who foregoes recompense shall be expiated from sins).
The resident Hagar shall not practice infanticide (worship Molech) Lev 20:02.
Either resident or visitor among the children of Israel guilty of accidental manslaughter may flee to any of the six levite cities of refuge Num 35:15.

Misapproptiation

Hagar who are in your courts shall not misappropriate the time of celebrating to Ton Theon throughout the week of Sukkot for any other purpous Deut 16:14.
Your resident who is in your courts shall not misappropriate the time of standing in devotion to Ton Theon on the Day of Assembly in the Sabbatical week of Tabernacles for any other purpous Deut 31:12.
The resident Hagar shall not misappropriate the time of standing for atonement to Ton Theon on Yom Kippur for any other purpous Lev 16:29.
Hagar who are in your midst shall not misappropriate the time of rejoicing to Ton Theon on the feast of Pentecost for any other purpous Deut 16:11.
A resident shall not deprive anyone of compensation for damages Lev 24:18-22
Either resident or visitor shall not deprive Israelites of contract rights Lev 25:47-55.
Hagar who are in your midst shall not deprive Ton Theon of the offerings of the first fruits after immigration Deut 26:1-11.
Hagar Yagur shall not misappropriate Aaron's rights in offering a sacrifice or burning an offering by not bringing it to the tent of meeting to offer {{Bibleverse||Lev|17:8-9|31|} but Hagar Lev 22:18-25 and a resident Hagar Num 15:15-16 & Num 15:22-29 shall bring any free-will, vow, or sin offerings to the Aaronites to make atonement on the altar, and shall follow the same rules as the Qehilat of Israel outlined in Deut 12:13-16 with regards to them.
A visitor shall not misappropriate a portion to eat of the Pascal Feast Offering Ex 12:45
A resident Yagur family whose males have not been circumcised shall not misappropriate a portion to eat of the Pascal Feast Offering Ex 12:48 because one set of rules apply to the homeborn and to the resident Hagar Ex 12:49.
The resident Hagar Lev 17:10-14 and the Children of Noah Gen 9:4-5 shall not misappropriate Ton Theon's compensation for sins by consuming blood but must remember to drain & bury the blood of any edible game ever caught.

Diet

A resident shall not posess Chametz throughout the pascal week Ex 12:19.
Your resident who is in your courts Deut 14:21 may be donated Nevelah for eating ONLY IF IN NEED, BUT a resident MUST observe the proper purification ritual after eating any kind of Taref/Traif/Treif in order to be blameless Lev 17:15 and avoid death if s/he enters the sanctuary or eats any sacrifice (Rashi; see Leviticus 15:31).

Legal rights

A resident Yagur has the right to keep the passover but only according to the laws Num 09:14 because one set of rules apply to the resident and to the homeborn.
A resident Hagar has the right to be chosen to carry the red Heifer ashes for a water of sprinkling, but MUST observe the proper purification ritual Num 19:10.
A resident Exod 12:19 / a resident Hagar Num 15:15 has the right to be regarded as brethren in the Qehilat of Israel.
HaToshavim Hagarim have the right for their children to be, or to have themselves, permanently contracted to a Jewish family and not be ruled over with rigour if regarded as brethren in the Qehilat of Israel Lev 25:46.
A resident Ex 22:20 / Hagar Ex 23:9 Deut 10:19 / resident Yagur Lev 19:33-34 / your resident who is in your courts Deut 24:14, all have the right to loving unopressive treatment from Jews especially if a hired help if in need.
Your resident who is in your courts Ex 20:09 & Deut 05:13 / Hagar Ex 23:12 unlike Areilim and have the right to enjoy proper rest on the Sabbath.
A resident and a visitor have the right to exemption from being charged interest by Jews Lev 25:36-37
A resident has the right to a just hearing of cases before the Shoftim Deut 1:16, Deut 24:17, Deut 27:19.
Your visitor Hagarim have the right to eat of Jews' statuatorily unharvested Sabbatical year produce Lev 25:6.
A resident has the right to field corners & Mandatorily Ungleaned & forgotten harvest & fallen fruit in Jews' fields Deut 24:19-21, Lev 19:9-10 Lev 23:22.
Hagar Deut 14:29 / a resident Deut 26:12-3 have (along with Israel's Levites, Asuphim & Widows) the right to feast in the courts (BetheiDin) of Israel's tithe in the end of every third year.
Hagar who are in your midst has the right to replace the unfaithful Deut 28:43.

Just like the Muslim's Ahadith, the Jewish Mishnah has a lot in it that agrees with the rest of Israel's Torah. TY Yevamot 8:1 (44a) indicates that a Ger Toshav can take the whole of Torah upon his shoulders and even be baptized without joining the circumcision. Avodah Zarah 65a indicates that one need not stand before an Israelite House of Din in order to be recognised as a Ger Toshav. However, somesources indicate that an official Toshav (i.e. a Jagur) must be circumcised within 12 months or be labelled an idolater.

"Who is a ger toshav? Whoever has resolved to convert and has renounced idolatry but who still has not actually converted. We allow him twelve months to do so. This applies to a ger toshav, but as for a gentile it is forbidden for him to dwell among Jews and to work on the Sabbath lest the Jews learn from his deeds" (Tannaitic text published 40 years ago called MRE, sec.20, 374. See P. Yeb 8.1 / Also referenced by the Saadyah Gaon ca. 1000)

An amora explains that the passage in TB A"Z 65a quotes a tannaitic source who says that a Ger Toshav who is not circumcised within 12 months loses his status of Ger Toshav is referring to a Ger Toshav who accepted to circumcize himself. In other words, if such a Ger Toshav does not fulfill the conditions of his acceptance then his acceptance is nullified.

This then seems to be the basis for the Amoraic statement that a "Ger toshav" who has not been circumcised within twelve months is considered to be a confirmed idolater. Thus we see that even in the Talmudic period the absolute separation between the ger toshav and the ger tzedeq was not consistently held. A good case can be made that generally in the Biblical period, and even in the early rabbinical period, the ger toshav was in fact considered a potential Ger Tzediq. (B. AZ 65a., Only Meiri, 256, codifies this opinion)


  • The Alnabi Alpha Priestly marriage group
Zaddokite Fathers (Desposyni, eg, John the Baptist, The British Royal Family)
Kohen Fathers
Levite Fathers
Israelite women only
  • The Lesser Mursal Beta 144,000/Mahomed/Saint/Clerics/Azwajrasul/Electorate/Elijahs consisting of
Khalalim
Levite women only
Israelites promoting Neitzeruth
Resident (геры) Jagur Hagarene (Brothers only)
People under contract
  • The Countless Mumin Gimmel Mixed Multitude of Plebesite Laity consisting of
Mamzers
Israelites of unknown paternal lineage
Visitor (Tsabi) Hagarene
People under contract
Foundlings
Tricksters (Ahlulkitaab)
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